Journal of Arts and Thai Studies

New Eras and Modern Kingship in the Twelve Month Royal Ceremonies

Tanapong Luekajornchai — 2024-08-30

Changes in the Sugar Industry of Thailand, 1965-1981

Pachara Inwongsakorn — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the changes in the Thai sugar industry between 1965 and 1981. It explains the various factors that influenced the industry's shift from its initial focus on production for domestic consumption to primarily producing for global market exports.

Methods: This study employs a descriptive analytical approach, using historical research methods to gather primary documents related to the Thai sugar industry. These documents are retrieved from five sources: the National Archives of Thailand (NAT), the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board (OCSB), the Ministry of Industry (MOI), the Department of Internal Trade (DIT), and the Ministry of Commerce (MOC). Books, theses, and related articles explaining the factors contributing to changes in the Thai sugar industry were also used.

Results: The study reveals that between 1965 and 1981, the Thai government aimed to promote the sugar industry through policies that encouraged quality production practices and private sector participation in sugar exports. It also identified suitable export markets. Additionally, from 1968 to 1981, Thailand was part of the agreement on sugar, established during the UN sugar conference 1968, and the global market's growing demand for sugar further shifted the industry's focus from domestic consumption to exports. This shift was reflected in the annual expansion of production for export, leading Thailand to become the world's seventh-largest producer and exporter of sugar by 1976.

Application of this study: This study provides information and explanations of government policies and the economic conditions of the sugar market, both domestically and globally, which directly affected changes in the sugar industry. These factors can also serve as guidelines for studying and analyzing changes in other industries in Thailand.

“Hermaphrodite” in Buddhist Scriptures

Sumalee Mahanarongchai — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research article studies the meanings and types of hermaphrodites. It also examines which terms referring to people with sexual diversity mentioned in the Vinaya Pitaka and its commentaries follow the modern definition of hermaphrodites. This is a clarification of sexual diversity in Buddhism, especially the types of hermaphrodites.

Methods: This research article analyses and synthesizes the meanings and descriptions of people with sexual diversity mentioned in the primary and secondary Buddhist scriptures with the meaning of hermaphrodites in the medical and social sense. The main scriptures for this study are Vinaya Pitaka in Pali and Thai-translated versions. The case studies are people with sexual diversity found in the Buddha’s time.

Results: There are two senses of meaning given to hermaphrodites in the present time: the physical sense and the social or cultural sense. At least three terms in Buddhism refer to hermaphrodites in the physical sense. “Ubhatobayañjanaka” refers to a person born with ambiguous genitalia. “Napuṅsakapaṇḍaka” refers to a person born with defective genitalia unable to identify sex, and “Opakkamiyapaṇḍaka” refers to a person born with a normal sexual organ, but deliberately alters it later. There are two types of ubhatobayañjanaka. The first type, Itthīupatobayañjanaka (a female-based intersexual person), is equivalent to a true hermaphrodite in the medical sense. The second type, Purisaupatobayañjanaka (a male-based intersexual person), is compatible with some forms of male pseudo-hermaphrodite in medical terms. Men revert into women and transgender persons with same-sex attraction are not considered hermaphrodites. In Buddhist scriptures and medical terminology, hermaphrodites specifically imply some people in the physical sense. However, confused perceptions of people with sexual diversity construct hermaphrodites in the social sense.

Application of this study: Clarifying terms referring to hermaphrodites in Buddhism will help Buddhists determine the criteria for the ordination of hermaphrodites. It also reveals Buddhist attitudes toward hermaphrodites and the punishments for monks who have sexual relationships with hermaphrodites.

A Critical Metaphor Analysis of Thai Politicians’ Campaign: A Case Study in Thailand’s 2023 Election

Nura-aa Sama-ae — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research aims to study conceptual metaphors and to criticize the perspectives of Thai Politicians’ campaigns in Thailand’s 2023 election.

Methods: This qualitative research used the conceptual metaphor theory, along with the critical metaphor analysis, as frameworks to analyze videos of Thai politicians' campaigns published on 12 channels during the 2023 election campaign.

Results: The research findings revealed 60 metaphorical linguistic expressions reflecting 9 conceptual metaphors of the election: 1) the election is war, 2) the election is a journey, 3) the election is a competition, 4) the election is human, 5) the election is family, 6) the election is fire, 7) the election is construction, 8) the election is education, and 9) the election is suffering. The critical analysis of these conceptual metaphors revealed 5 perspectives: the election is the foundation of stability, the election is to overcome, the election is the people's suffering, the election is the journey to the destination, and the election is learning.

Application of this study: This research shows that the study of critical metaphor analysis can be applied to analyze languages, perspectives, social context, and political movements to reflect the political contexts of Thailand.

Surnames of Thai People of Karen Lineage in Kanchaburi Province : Ethnosemantics Study

Ratree Chamniyom — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This article aims to analyze the word constructions and the meanings of surnames of Thai People of Karen lineage in Kanchanaburi province. It also aims to analyze the worldviews of Thai people of Karen lineage reflected in those surnames using ethnosemantics theory.

Methods: The research process was divided into 4 steps: 1) the study of documents and research articles, 2) the data collection of 1,145 surnames from purposive sampling in 5 districts: Mueang Kanchanaburi, Si Sawat, Sai Yok, Thong Pha Phum, and Sangkhlaburi, 3) the analysis of their meanings and the worldviews of Thai people of Karen lineage which were reflected in the collected surnames using ethnosemantics theory, and 4) the presentation of the results in the form of descriptive analysis with summary, discussion, and suggestions.

Results: The analysis of 1,145 surnames of Thai people of Karen linage found that there are 4 types of surname construction:one-word constructions, two-word constructions, three-word constructions, and four-word constructions. Two-word constructions were found the most. The following are 21 groups of meanings associated with surnames, ranked from the most common to the least common: 1) nature and environment, 2) prosperity, stability, and fertility, 3) human behavior, 4) decorations, property, and valuables, 5) fame, 6) materials, 7) beauty, 8) protection and maintenance, 9) morality and auspiciousness, 10) family lineage, 11) happiness, 12) knowledge, talents, and intelligence, 13) excellence, 14) purity, 15) emotions and feelings, 16) supernatural and Buddha, 17) persons, 18) professions and careers, 19) the body and the mind, 20) speeches and blessings, and 21) dwellings. In addition, the worldviews of Thai people of Karen linage that are reflected from their surnames were found in 3 aspects: 1) nature and the environment; 2) humans, consisting of life goals and priorities depending on the social contexts; and 3) the supernatural, consisting of beliefs in deities and sacredness, local spirits, faith in Buddhism, and fortune.

Application of this study: The results of this research can be particularly beneficial for government agencies, including the Kanchanaburi Provincial Administrative Organizations. By applying these findings, these agencies can foster the development of the Thai Karen community, facilitating mutual understanding and promoting peaceful co-existence within a multicultural society.

The Chinese’s Wuyuan Culture and a Reflection of the Cultural Identity of the Thai of Chinese Origin in Betong District, Yala Province

Natsarun Laksanapeeti — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research aims to analyze the cultural identity of Thai people of Chinese descent in the Betong district of Yala province through the framework of Wuyuan culture.

Methods: This research is qualitative, synthesizing data from various documents and supplementing it with in-depth interviews conducted during field investigations. The primary informants included scholars, community leaders, and government officials, totaling 12 persons. A descriptive analysis of cultural identity was then conducted by linking the concept of Wuyuan with various phenomena. The research was conducted in Betong district.

Results: The research found that geographical relationships are the most effective factors in maintaining the cultural identity of Chinese descendants in the area, serving as a crucial link for other relationships. Settlement patterns revealed that families of Chinese descent belong to the same local cultural group. In terms of religion, participation in community activities, such as worshiping deities and participating in celebrations and processions organized by local foundations, was apparent among Chinese descendants. Regarding connection with products, each cultural group has unique products, particularly Chinese cuisine. Lastly, in terms of careers, each linguistic-cultural group historically had distinctive professions.

Application of this study: The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for further research on the Chinese-Thai community. Culture-related agencies can utilize these results to develop cultural preservation plans tailored to the specific social context.

Discourse Analysis: Regarding the Issue of President Xi Jinping’s China-Taiwan Reunification

Pattarapong Kongwattana — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This article aims to study the strategies for meaning construction in China’s diplomatic discourse towards Taiwan, and to examine the ideology that affects the construction of diplomatic discourse in the rhetoric of President Xi Jinping from 2013 to 2023.

Methods: The study employed the concept of critical discourse analysis with the application of Norman Fairclough’s dimensions of discourse.

Results: The study reveals that President Xi Jinping utilized two language strategies: 1) vocabulary strategies, such as naming and word choice; and 2) pragmatic strategies, including the use of bases, denials, commitments, declarations, stories, claims, intertextuality, metaphors, and rhetoric. Regarding the ideologies affecting the discourse construction, the discourse of the Chinese leader reflects four ideologies: 1) reproducing Chineseness and sinicization, 2) unification, 3) polarization, and 4) conditional violence.

Application of this study: This study serves as a case study on the application of discourse analysis in examining discourse construction strategies and also reveals the ideologies embedded within the discourse.

Translation Strategies of Temple Names to Chinese – The Case Study of 11 Tourist Provinces in Thailand

Watcharapon Sirisuwilai — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This study aims to analyze and examine the translation strategies of Thai temple names into Chinese in Thailand's tourist provinces.

Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed-method research methodology. The names of 110 temples were collected from 11 popular tourist provinces and travel route destinations for Chinese tourists.

Results: The results showed that Chinese translation strategies consisted of four types: transliteration, meaning translation, mixed strategies translation, and new naming. These four strategies could be divided into 20 subcategories. Mixed strategies translation was the most used, with 78 names (70.91%) and 11 subcategories. New naming was the second most used, with 25 names (22.73%) and 5 subcategories. Meaning translation was third, with 6 names (5.45%) and 4 subcategories. Lastly, transliteration was the least used, with only 1 name (0.91%).

Application of this study: The results and contributions of this study can serve as guidelines for translating Thai temple names into Chinese, enhancing the ability to attract and support Chinese tourists visiting Thailand.

The Hard-Working Spirit and Patience of Chinese People in The Documentary “A Bite of China”

Meng Chenyi — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This article aims to study the structure, the storytelling, and language strategies used to convey the hard-working spirit and patience of Chinese people in the documentary "A Bite of China".

Methods: The researcher collected data from episode 1 of the Thai-dubbed documentary "A Bite of China" by transcribing the Thai audio. The analysis focused on sentence structure, storytelling, and language strategies used to convey the hard-working spirit and patience of the Chinese people, both from the video and the transcribed audio.

Results: The study revealed that episode 1 of the documentary "A Bite of China" is structured into four main parts: introduction, story, conclusion, and linkage. The theme, plot, characters, music, scenes, and settings are organized to depict Chinese lifestyle serving to inspire pride among Chinese viewers and influence their mindset and behaviors. The language strategies used to convey the hard-working spirit and patience of the Chinese people, portraying a positive image of both individuals and the country include both verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication strategies involve word selection and personification, while non-verbal strategies encompass the use of images and sound.

Application of this study: The analysis of "A Bite of China" sheds light on the roles and techniques of media in shaping social values and representing China's soft power.

Images of His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Through Swiss Authors’ Points of View

Tissawas Thumrongsanta — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research aims to analyze the language features used to portray the images of His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great, King Rama IX of Thailand.

Methods: The researcher studied two books written in French: Le Roi Bhumibol et la Famille Royale de Thaïlande à Lausanne by Cléon C. Séraïdaris, compiled by his son, Lysandre C. Séraïdaris, and Un roi en Suisse: La jeunesse helvétique du roi Bhumibol de Thaïlande by Olivier Grivat.

Results: Both books present his majesty’s three main aspects: 1) the King who had vision and genius, 2) the King who was friendly and simple, and 3) the King who was highly revered and respected. The portrayal of the images of His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great was conveyed through language strategies, utilizing polyphony, intertextuality, and interdiscursivity, including the use of axiology and rhetorical figures to express honor to the Late King of Thailand.

Application of this study: The results of this study reveal the attitude of Swiss people towards His Majesty the Late King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great through the use of various language strategies. These theories can be applied to study images in other contexts.

Cultural Landscapes: Design for a Sustainable Community Concept of Sufficieny Economy Philosophy, Case Study Ban Moh Luang Lampang

Busakorn Houbcham — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research aims to examine the cultural landscape, environment, socio-economy, and culture of Ban Moh Luang community in Lampang province in order to create a collective identity. The analysis is intended to pave the way to the sustainable design based on the sufficiency economy philosophy. A model was developed to apply these findings to the community.

Methods: The researcher employed qualitative research methods, including participatory action research (PAR) and conscientization. Interviews and discussions were conducted with 32 informants, comprising individuals and government representatives from Ban Moh Luang local organizations. The data were analyzed using design thinking to create new knowledge.

Results: The research results were shown to accomplish 3 aspects of cultural landscape of Ban Moh Luang community in Lampang, which are the environment, culture, and the socio-economy, which are aligned with the sufficiency economy philosophy. A creative designed was developed from the concept of “Nava Bhumi model” which contains 1. history 2. geography 3. landscape 4. pride 5. geosocial 6. wisdom 7. ecology 8. immunity, and 9. moral sense.

Application of this study: The research outcome can serve as a guideline for developing a model for sustainable development in the Ban Moh Luang community, as well as other communities.

The Relationship Between the Word /tɔ̀:/ as the Verb With Adverb in Thai: A Cognitive Semantic Study

Kannawat Sukhaphiwat — 2024-08-30

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between the verb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'to appear after a reference' and the adverb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'indicate the continuity of events'.

Methods: The data has been collected from documents from the 20th to the 26th Buddhist century, afterwards, I study the relationship between the verb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'to appear after a reference' and the adverb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'indicate the continuity of events' employing cognitive semantics and grammaticalization.

Results: The findings reveal that the verb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'to appear after a reference' transforms into the adverb /tɔ̀:/ with the meaning 'indicate the continuity of events'. This phenomenon is affected by grammaticalization, involving semantic processes such as metonymy and syntactic transformation mechanisms such as reanalysis.

Application of the study: The research results can be applied to studying of language change in diachronic approaches. The analysis of semantic and syntactic contexts may be essential for considering the meanings of other words.

An Analysis of Digital Learning Resources in German for A1–B1 levels

Anna Kuebel — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This research aims to analyze and compare two digital learning resources in German for A1–B1 levels: Deutsche Welle and Goethe-Institut.

Methods: The data used in this research are digital learning resources in German for A1–B1 levels. The data were analyzed and compared using the following criteria: 1) the use of grammar, vocabulary, and expressions 2) expected language skills, 3) presentation and elements of content, and 4) German language teaching theories.

Results: The results can be described in four aspects: 1) the use of grammar, vocabulary, and expressions in digital learning resources from Deutsche Welle is presented more clearly than those from the Goethe-Institut; 2) resources from the Goethe-Institut offer a wider range of language skills compared to Deutsche Welle; 3) Deutsche Welle provides more variety in presentation and content than the Goethe-Institut; and 4) both employ a communicative approach (Der kommunikative Ansatz) as the main teaching theory, while the audio-visual method (Die audiovisuelle Methode, AVM) was found only in resources from Deutsche Welle.

Application of this study: The results of this research provide information for German language learners to help them select learning resources that match their learning objectives and support their self-development.

Exploration and Practice of the Collaborative Innovation Model of Chu Culture Lacquerware: Industry-Academia-Research Cooperation

Peipei Mu — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This study aims to delve into the current status and challenges of the inheritance of Chu Culture Lacquerware, as well as analyzing the factors influencing the collaborative innovation capability of universities.

Methods: This study utilized a literature review, analyzing academic journals, theses, and local records on Chu Culture Lacquerware and its cultural context. Interviews were conducted with educators, artisans, company representatives, and experts to gather diverse insights. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was implemented, targeting various audiences to assess their awareness and attitudes towards Chu Culture Lacquerware.

Results: The study reveals that the general public has a certain level of understanding and interest in Chu Culture Lacquerware. However, the inheritance of Chu Culture Lacquerware faces multiple challenges such as the transmission of craftsmanship, dissemination of cultural value, market promotion, and industrialization. The research also uncovers the significant influences of internal and external forces, university-industry collaboration, and policy regulation on the collaborative innovation capability of universities.

Application of this study: This study not only offers practical guidance for the inheritance of Chu Culture Lacquerware but also provides theoretical foundations and strategic recommendations for industry-academia-research cooperation in universities.

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Journal of Arts and Thai Studies — 2024-08-30

Developing a Basic Conceptual Framework for Social Welfare Management in Thailand

Krissada Supakitpaisan — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This academic paper aims to propose a basic conceptual framework for social welfare management in Thailand.

Methods: The study utilized data collection methods from documents and relevant research, including books, academic journals, research reports, and theses. Data obtained from both domestic and international sources were analyzed and interpreted. Social phenomena and empirical data were examined to understand various changes before synthesizing them into conclusions and recommendations.

Results: Research results revealed significant differences in social welfare management principles based on democratic socialism, neo-liberalism, and the third way. The challenge in formulating a basic conceptual framework for social welfare management in Thailand is integrating these three models: 1) based on democratic socialism principle, which emphasizes equalization and redistribution as key to promoting social welfare; 2) based on neo-liberalism, which focuses on supporting vulnerable groups as central to the social welfare process; and 3)based on third way principle, which highlights the importance of social partnerships for involving people in creating and maintaining the rules for social welfare management.

Application of this study: It is hoped that this study will play a crucial role in raising awareness about the importance of questioning and developing social welfare policies in Thailand.

Puen-Paeng Phordeekhum: The Adaptation of Jacob’s Short Story to the Television Series

Yanika Klaewkasikam — 2024-08-30

Objectives: This article points to the adaptation of Jacob’s short story to Puen-Paeng, the television series of Phordeekhum.

Methods: This study examines Jacob's Puen-Paeng from 1933 and the Puen-Paeng Phordeekhum television series from 2015 using narratology, along with literature and adaptation studies, as the conceptual framework.

Results: The study found that the television series expanded both the plot and character dimensions. It revealed adaptation procedures in the digital era through transtextuality, notably by creating intertext with other texts, both internal and external, and by using paratext to attract attention and enhance viewing. The adaptation of
Puen-Paeng Phordeekhum integrates Jacob’s short story while also incorporating intertextual elements in line with digital television production, where content, form, and media converge.

Application of this study: This study provides a framework for the study of the adaptation of literature to television series.