Journal of Arts and Thai Studies

“Thai Bondages: Power, Kindness, and Chulalongkorn Greatness in Memory": Analytical Discourse on Slavery in Thai Society

Chanan Mekmok — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Bangkok Civilian Internment Camp from 1941 to 1945: Maintaining the Humanitarian Standards in Wartime

Nipaporn Ratchatapattanakul — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This research aimed to study the operations of the allied civilian internment camps which were set up by the Thai government from December 1941 to August 1945 to indicate how the camps operated to maintain the humanitarian standards in World War II under Thailand's alliance with Japan.

Methods: This research employed a historical research methodology, with a primary focus on the collection and analysis of primary sources from various archives, including the National Archives of Thailand, Archives of Thammasat University, and the online digital archives of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Additionally, the study incorporated personal memoirs of the individuals involved with the Bangkok Civilian Internment Camp. These data were compiled to gain an understanding of the situations occurring during the period under investigation and to provide context for the in-depth analysis of evidence and the formulation of explanations that address the research objectives.

Results: The study revealed that the Bangkok Civilian Internment Camp, established by the Thai government in December 1941 and ceased the operation in August 1945, was one of the internment camps which implemented humanitarian measures during the wartime in alignment with its foundational conditions. As a mixed camp housing both civilians and prisoners of war, it led to the coordination with civilian and military agencies, as well as diplomatic agencies of the host countries and international humanitarian organizations. The camp's operations mainly abided by the principles of the 1929 Geneva Conventions. Through the collaborative efforts of the military officials, the representatives from the foreign ministries of Thailand and Japan, and the delegates from beneficiary countries and international organizations, the camp successfully upheld the international humanitarian standards during wartime as per the norms of that period.

Application of this study: The result shows that even though the war affected both soldiers and civilians, the civilian protection and compensation measures lagged behind the military measures. These findings can be used to design the coordination structures between military and civilian entities and those between governments and private sectors, both in Thailand and globally, to quickly deal with and maintain the humanitarian standards among conflicts.

The Policy on the Development of Science and Technology in the Thai Armed Forces by Sending Military Personnel to Study Abroad between 1932 - 1941

Thep Boontanondha — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This research aimed to examine the policies of the Thai military following the Revolution of 1932, with a focus on initiatives to enhance scientific and technological knowledge and skills within the armed forces. The study emphasizes the military's strategy of sending personnel abroad for advanced education during the interwar period, between World War I and World War II. It seeked to illustrate how the Thai military's policies responded to evolving military strategies that increasingly relied on advancements in science and technology.

Methods: The research used a historical research methodology to analyse data, emphasizing the importance of utilizing primary sources from the National Archives of Thailand for studying the government policies, rather than focusing on individual cases. The research is presented through an analytical descriptive.

Results: After the Revolution of 1932, the government of Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) prioritized the development of science and technology within the armed forces resulting from the significant role that technology had played during World War I. As a result, the armed forces quickly focused on improving their scientific and technological knowledge. The army established the Department of Science and the Military Technical Academy. The navy focused on advancing sciences related to meteorology, hydrography, and naval combat forces. The air force, on the other hand, emphasized building its capabilities by commissioning a large number of aircraft, which required highly skilled pilots and mechanics. However, at that time, the armed forces lacked personnel with expertise in science and technology. As a result, they had to send many individuals abroad to study in these specialized fields.

Application of this study: This research studies military history after the Revolution of 1932, which can be applied to the topics of scientific history and military history.

The Comparative Study of the Strategies of Language Usage in Naming Bollywood Movies

Pattama Sawangsri, Seksan Sawangsri — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives:Indian movies that are currently entering Thailand are predominantly distributed through online streaming platforms. On these applications, movie posters prominently display the titles of the movies. The role of movie posters is critical in film promotion, as the titles significantly capture the attention of potential viewers. Indian movies, in particular, often feature two titles: the original title in Hindi and a newly created title in Thai. These newly crafted Thai titles employ intriguing strategies in translation and language use. This research aimed to analyse the strategies employed in naming Bollywood movies, examine the methods used to translate Bollywood movies titles into Thai, and explore the linguistic approaches applied in crafting Thai titles for Bollywood movies. Furthermore, the study compared the semantic relationships between the Thai titles created for these movies and their translated equivalents from the original Hindi titles.

Methods: The data involved in this research are derived from the Bollywood movies on Netflix and Amazon Prime Video applications available from January 1st 2021, to January 1st 2022. The researcher used a purposive sampling system to collect a total of 374 titles, 191 titles from the Netflix application and 183 titles from the Amazon Prime Video application.

Results: The Bollywood movies are mostly named after the leading actors/actresses, the contents of stories, the objects and the places in the stories respectively. Regarding the strategies of Bollywood movies translation into Thai language in both applications, it was found that the most frequent strategies used in Amazon Prime Video are transliteration, giving the new titles and translation. In the Netflix application, the most frequent strategies used are giving the new titles, transliteration, and translation. The results regarding the usage of Thai language in this work showed that the usage of the transliteration has mostly been found, followed by the usage of rhymes. From the comparison study of the meaning related to titles, it was found that in Amazon Prime Video, the most frequently used strategy was the same meanings of titles by using a transliteration method. This was instead of translating into Thai, the different meanings of titles, the related meanings of titles, the same meanings of titles by using the translation, and the similar meanings of titles, respectively. In the Netflix application, the most frequently used strategies were the different meanings of titles, the related meanings of titles, and the same meanings of titles by using a transliteration method. This was preferred to translating into Thai, the same meanings of titles by translation and the similar meanings of titles, respectively.

Application of this study: The knowledge acquired from this research can be used as a guideline in translating Hindi into Thai, as well as the translation industry or other mass media involved with translation and intercultural communication.

The Development Discourse in Modern Thai Rural Society in the Baan Rai Plai Fun Novel Series

Liang Junping, Weerawat Intaraporn — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This research aimed to analyze the discourse of development in modern Thai rural society as portrayed in the Baan Rai Plai Fun novel series. The study seeked to explore how literature serves as a medium for articulating and presenting the discourse of development within the context of Thai rural society. Each novel in the series chronicles the transformations, challenges, and achievements experienced by rural communities as a result of the development.

Methods: This research employed a document-based research methodology to analyze the Baan Rai Plai Fan novel series, comprising four works: Thara Himalai, Duangjai Akkhanee, Pathapee Leh Ruk, and Wayupak Montra. The analysis was conducted under the framework of the development discourse, with the findings presented through descriptive analysis to summarize the results of the study.

Results: The study revealed that the series presents four areas of primary development discourse, comprising
1. economic development, including integrated agricultural development, ecotourism initiatives, the application of local wisdom, and the principle of the "sufficiency economy"; 2. sustainable development, encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions; 3. community strengthening, highlighting self-reliance, adaptation to global changes, mutual trust, community cohesion, and the establishment of clear policies to support community resilience; and 4. enhancement of women's status. These development discourses have an influence on the thinking of people in society. As shown in the novels, they do not only reflect but also reproduce development ideologies in Thai society, responding to the evolving social and economic changes.

Application of this study: This research facilitates an understanding of the rural development in the novels created by using a set of ideas regarding rural development discourses. Additionally, it serves as a methodological approach for analyzing other novels that contain content on rural development.

Rural Teachers: Meaning from Mainstream Development Discourse on Teachers' Self-Stigma in Rural Areas

Sakorn Promata , Sumate Noklang, Khanittha Saleemad — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: The term "rural teacher" emerges as a product of mainstream development discourse, leading to self-stigmatization among rural educators. This mainstream development discourse, driven by the goal of modernization, generates discursive practices that marginalize teachers working in rural areas, causing them to perceive themselves as socially alienated and embodying "otherness." This research aimed to explore the meaning of "rural teacher" through the lens of self-stigmatization among teachers in rural communities, as a consequence of mainstream development discourse.

Methods: This qualitative research is aligned with a critical paradigm through Michel Foucault's concepts of power, knowledge and discursive practice. This study employed the critical ethnography method to reflect the reality that emerges within the given phenomena. Researchers selected data providers by using purposive sampling criteria, recruiting a total of 10 teachers who had experienced self-stigma as rural teachers and performed teaching duties in rural schools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and verified using triangulation techniques.

Results: The research found that "rural teachers" attributed self-stigma to five characteristics, namely 1. teachers residing far from developed urban areas, 2. teachers being heavily involved in community work beyond school work duties, 3. teachers being hesitant to think outside the box with regard to the curriculum framework, 4. teachers lacking modern media and technology, and 5. teachers facing student learning readiness issues. These characteristics arise from the production of mainstream development discourse, which emphasizes modernization, globalization and centralization, leading to the self-stigma of teachers who perform teaching duties in rural schools.

Application of this study: These research findings may lead to a review and consideration of guidelines for policy-making by the agencies responsible for the development of teaching professions across all areas. This is aimed at reducing disparities in teaching practices among teachers.

Semantic Analysis and Network Expansion for Enhancing Thai and Lao Ontologies

Gornkrit Meemongkol — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: A key challenge in developing computational language processing systems lies in systematically explaining the process by which the human brain links the meanings of words. This remains a complex and elusive issue that defies comprehensive explanation. To study and analyze the human’s cognitive processes involved in meaning association and the creation of semantic networks, this research aimed to lay the groundwork for applying such knowledge to enhance the efficiency of computational language processing systems in the future. This research specifically seeked to analyze the expansion of semantic networks for the development of ontologies in the Thai and Lao languages.

Methods: This study initiated by selecting Thai words based on specific criteria and extracting their definitions from dictionaries. These definitions were then analysed to find the relationship between words and contexts by comparing with those findings of the study in Phase 1. Concurrently, corresponding Lao words were explored to understand their meanings, which were validated through comparison with their Thai counterparts. Finally, an expansion of meanings within the semantic network was proposed, considering both words and contexts.

Results: The findings identified significant expansions within the semantic network. For instance, 1. "window" extended its meaning to include "hole," 2. "mirror" encompassed "(camera) lens " and "transparent plastic," 3. "watch repair shop" was associated with "dead," "non-operational," and "damaged," 4. terms like "stranger," "representative," and "unfamiliar person" were expanded to include "representatives," "appointment," "trust," and "unknown person," 5. the semantic network of "police station" was broadened to include "uniform," "weapons," and "arresting," 6. "detergent" included "laundry service" and "housekeeping," 7. other expansions included "New Year's Day" with "new beginning," "celebration," and "festival," 8. "certificate" with "school" and "organizations authorized to issue certificates," 9. "ticket booth" with "buying and selling services," and 10. "calculator" with "calculate," "mobility," and "use of electricity or solar energy.".

Application of this study: The findings of this study can contribute to the development of Thai and Lao language ontologies, enhance knowledge and understanding of semantics, and broaden the scope of linguistic knowledge, thereby fostering its wider application and dissemination.

Evidentialism: Concepts and Contentions

Pipat Suya, Theptawee Chokvasin, Teerat Saengkaew — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This research aimed to exploring and analyzing evidentialism, which proposes criteria for reasons to support justification of belief, from classic evidentialism of William Clifford to contemporary evidentialism of Earn Conee and Richard Feldman. In addition, an assessment of evidentialism from various contentions was done in order to support if evidentialism is still acceptable or not.

Methods: This qualitative research was based on documentary research. The researcher researched and collected data from the related documents with the scope of evidentialism. The findings were presented in the form of the descriptive results made with Philosophical Argumentation.

Results: The concepts of evidentialism need reasons for justification of belief, starting with the concepts made by William Clifford that “it was always wrong for anyone who believes without sufficient reasons” and this was just the start of evidentialism, which brought about the questions of how insufficient or good evidence is. Then Richard Feldman and Earn Conee proposed the concept that “if our attitude in belief is compatible with evidence we have, then it can be implied that we have reasons to support ethics of belief”. In addition, both of them explained that such beliefs must be well-founded. However, arguments about evidentialism still exist, but they were not strong enough to confute evidentialism. As a result, Earn Conee and Richard Feldman agreed that evidentialism should be a default concept. Moreover, from Pojman’s viewpoint, he also agreed with the concepts of evidentialism as they were harmoniously logical for the world. Hence, the researcher agrees that evidentialism is still acceptable.

Application of this study: The results from this study can be the answer for argumentations for evidentialism and non-evidentialism in the issue of the ethics of belief, and they can also be the criteria for general people to make decisions when they have to choose what to believe.

The Creation of Thai Music Composition: Homrong Duriyakawi Sri Samutsongkhram

Kritsanaphong Thatsanabanjong — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: Thai music holds significant cultural importance as the national music of Thailand. Samut Songkhram Province, renowned for its rich musical heritage, is home to numerous accomplished Thai musicians and music educators who have made substantial contributions to the composition of Thai songs and the advancement of Thai music through their creative and scholarly works. This research aimed to explore the contexts related to Duriyakawi in Samut Songkhram Province to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding Thai musical composition, specifically focusing on Homrong Duriyakawi Sri Samut Songkhram, and to create and exhibit Thai musical compositions, with an emphasis on Homrong Duriyakawi Sri Samut Songkhram.

Methods: This research, data were collected from two main sources: first, relevant textbooks, printed materials, research, musical scores, and audio tapes; second, interviews with four Thai musical composition experts, based on the sections in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Data Collection Form designed by the Department of Cultural Promotion, Ministry of Culture. Then, these collected data were analyzed, compiled and applied to compose songs. After that, the researcher edited, made variations, held a rehearsal, adjusted the ensemble, fine-tuned the melodies and wrote musical notation to perform in public.

Results: The research highlighted the extensive history of Thai classical music in Samut Songkhram province, which is known for producing many notable composers. As part of this exploration, the researcher created a significant piece titled "Homrong Duriyakawi Sri Samut Songkhram," which consists of four distinct segments in the traditional Thai overture style known as Homrong. In detail, the first section reinterprets the first stanza of Bulun Loi Luean Songchan, initially crafted by King Rama II, expanding it from a two-level structure to a three-level structure while adding melodic embellishments known as Luk Tok. The second section draws upon the melodic patterns from Khruan Ha Samchan, which features a three-level structure composed by Luang Pradit Phairoh (Sorn Silapabanleng). The third section incorporates Luk Tok elements from Yo Salam Samchan, a three-level composition by Professor Dr. Uthit Naksawat. Finally, the fourth section utilizes Luk Tok from Usaraen Samchan by National Artist Uthai Kaewla-iat with modifications to the Luk Tok's tonal trajectory from Tonic to Dominant with the ending melody of “Wa,” culminating in a conclusion aligned with the traditions of Thai music composition of prelude-overture. These compositions are rooted in the melodies originally crafted by esteemed Thai music maestros from the Samut Songkhram province.

Application of this study: This study will be beneficial to those interested in composing Thai overture music because they can study how to create Thai musical compositions via Homrong Duriyakawi Sri Samut Songkhram. In addition, this will be useful for preserving the cultural heritage of Thai classical music creation and composition.

A Study of Distribution Patterns and Densities of Villages in Suphan Buri Province Classified According to Toponyms

Tawan Phansomboon, Arisa Jirasirichote — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: Suphan Buri province, located in the central region of Thailand, is characterized by diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage. The province is home to significant water resources, making it highly suitable for agricultural activities, which serve as a vital and predominant component of its economy. Combined with many transportation routes, these factors make this province have an attraction for human settlement. This research aimed to classify the villages in Suphan Buri based on their topographic characteristics, analyze the spatial distribution patterns of villages in relation to these characteristics, and assess village density across different topographic zones.

Methods: Village data of Suphan Buri in 2023 was obtained from the Suphan Buri Provincial Administrative Office. Village names were classified according to three main types of toponyms: toponyms that relate to only one aspect of geography, toponyms that relate to more than one aspect of geography, and other toponyms, including the classification of 27 subtypes of toponyms and considering the frequency of the most common place names in Suphan Buri by analysing only the main words and secondary words that are nouns in the village names. Verbs and adverbs were ignored. Then, the distribution pattern of villages was interpreted according to toponyms using the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI), and the village density analyzed according to toponyms using the Kernel Density Estimation technique.

Results: The study's results found that there is a total of 1,008 villages in Suphan Buri province. Most toponyms were related to only their geographical locations, 528 villages (52.38 percent), and the characteristic of toponyms was mostly related to the geographical features. The village names most frequently contained the word “Nong”. For the distribution of villages, it was found that the lowest NNI value (cluster) was found in the toponym, topography + plant, while the highest NNI value(disperse) was found in the toponym, plant + name of an important person. The density of villages in Suphan Buri was found to be very dense in Mueang Suphanburi district, Bang Pla Ma district, U Thong district, Song Phi Nong district, Si Prachan district, Sam Chuk district, and Doem Bang Nang Buat district, which are less than 100 meters in height and are in agricultural areas, including being next to the Suphan Buri River and the Chorakhe Sam Phan River.

Application of this study: Relevant agencies can publish this information on their websites so that the general public can know the history and realize the value of each locality. The results can be applied to expand tourism that is in line with the local community, organize travel routes, and be used as a guideline for local development that will benefit the public in the future.

Adapting for Change: Transforming Livelihood of Farmers in Samut Songkhram Province

Khemarin Pensaengon, Tawan Wannarat, Pipat Suya, Watcharin Anekpongpan — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This study examined the dynamic transformations in livelihoods within Samut Songkhram Province, driven by various influencing factors. It highlighted the diverse range of economic activities that characterized the region and aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of its socio-economic landscape. Additionally, the research explored the livelihood strategies adopted by local residents to navigate and adapt to these changes.

Methods: This qualitative research employed document analysis, observation, and in-depth interviews conducted between June 2022 and May 2023. Initial data were gathered from relevant documents, followed by fieldwork that included observing lifestyles and occupational practices and conducting in-depth interviews with 12 participants. Key informants comprised members of the Samut Songkhram Provincial Farmers Council, agricultural officers from Amphawa District, pomelo and coconut farmers, resort entrepreneurs, and members of subdistrict administrative organizations in Mueang, Amphawa, and Bang Khonthi districts of Samut Songkhram Province. Snowball sampling was utilized to identify participants, and pseudonyms were assigned to ensure the confidentiality of their identities.

Results: The study revealed that farmers in Samut Songkhram Province face numerous challenges and constraints in the agricultural sector. They emphasize the essential role of passion and expertise in sustaining their farming practices. However, they also express a pressing need for government support to improve their livelihoods. Despite the involvement of multiple state agencies in agricultural initiatives, both farmers and officials point to a notable lack of coordination among these entities, which hinders the effectiveness of support programs.

Application of this study: The findings of this study provide valuable insights to guide policy formulation aimed at improving agricultural practices in Samut Songkhram Province. These insights are also essential for fostering balanced regional development by ensuring the equitable distribution of resources. By avoiding an overemphasis on any single sector at the expense of others, this approach seeks to harness the full potential of diverse resources, promoting holistic and sustainable development in the region.

Cold War Modernism and Women’s Representation in Anti-Communist Seriphap Magazine

Natanaree Posrithong — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: This research explored the various issues of the American-sponsored Seriphap magazine (Free World), published between 1953 and 1963, focusing on how it presented women as the agents of modern ideologies and cosmopolitan feminism in the Cold War era. This research aimed to uncover the changes of cosmopolitan feminism and its influence on the representation of women in Thailand that contradicted the perceived image of those women in the competing communist regime.

Methods: This research employs historical and documentary research methodologies, analyzing primary sources, secondary sources, and relevant internet sources. Using content and visual analytical methods, the results are presented through a comprehensive descriptive analysis.

Results: In 1953, the United States Information Agency (USIA) was founded with its centers located around the world to implement the cultural war strategies during the Cold War. The overseas offices of the USIA carried out a mission to control the encroachment of communism through the production and distribution of pro-American propaganda materials. With its close proximity to Vietnam, Thailand played a crucial role to the American consolidation of power in Southeast Asia during the post-colonial period. As a result, American-sponsored films, magazines, and anti-communist materials were widely distributed in the country. From the study of the selected issues of Seriphap magazine, the researcher observed the captivating employment of women’s representations with the agenda to promote Free World ideas. 1. The magazine demonstrates the role models of cosmopolitanism through the selected stories of inspiring American and Asian women by showcasing them as selfless heroines, as opposed to the communist villains. 2. The effort of the United States to disseminate its cultural products served as an agenda for the magazine to employ women as their agents of modernity. 3. The magazine adopts the discourse of universal rights to convince local readers that Thai women have better opportunities and freedom than those women in the communist camp. Through these results, women’s representations were seen to have served various purposes, from being the agents of cosmopolitanism, American modernity, to even the idols of traditions and cultural values.

Application of this study: This study provides an opportunity to examine the product of the American culture during the Cold War and the impact on women’s representations in an Asian context. In addition, the study fills the gap in the Cold War history with its new perspective, which also contributes to the field of Southeast Asian post-colonial women studies.

A Morphological Analysis of Tourism Slogans

Siwaporn Suvarnamani, Sompratana Ratanakul, Boonjeera Chiravate — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: Language plays a crucial role in media and advertising slogans. Catchy and memorable tourism slogans can promote destinations and help marketing information be accepted and remembered by customers. They also help create brand awareness, and improve brand image and brand recognition. Because of this, word selection and word formation are factors that lead to successful slogans. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological operations of the content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) used in tourism slogans.

Methods: The data were collected from the website “database of advertising slogans” and the LancsBox program was used to classify the content words found into four parts of speech. After this, the researchers analyzed and categorized them into different word-formation processes. Finally, the results were recorded in Excel files to demonstrate the frequency of their occurrences.

Results: By employing Huddleston and Pullum’s (2005) theoretical framework, the results showed that firstly, when comparing the occurrences of derivation and compounding among the four parts of speech, both processes appeared most frequently in the group of nouns. However, when comparing within the same word classes, the occurrences of derivation were higher than those of compounding in the groups of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. For derivation by affixation, the occurrence of suffixation was the highest (46.30%). In addition, the top three prefixes found in this analysis were re-, de-, and ex-. In terms of suffixation, -ing was the noun suffix appearing most frequently (16.67%), with -al having the highest adjective-forming occurrence (15.63 %). For derivation by non-affixation, noun to verb conversion was found most frequently (89.62%). In compounding terms, the compound words consisting of 2 bases were found most frequently (64.95%), and the structure (X + X) + X had the highest frequency (76.47%).

Application of this study: This study is beneficial to teachers teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) courses and can be used as a case study in linguistics courses. Furthermore, in terms of business and marketing, this study can provide useful information for copywriters and marketers whose main jobs are to create effective advertising slogans.

An Analysis of Tang Yunyu Leading to the Portrait Creation

Tian Lan, Chawaliita Atipattayakul — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Objectives: Tang Yunyu was a female artist who was very important in the history of Chinese art. Her works hold substantial significance for the study and development of Chinese art history. Her paintings are as powerful and strong as those painted by male artists, distinguishing her from other female painters of the People's Republic of China. She is thus a female artist deserving of having her works studied. This research aimed to examine the distinctive characteristics of Tang Yunyu's artistic expression and its application in portrait creation. Additionally, the study aimed to learn the cause and effect relationships of her painting styles used in portrait drawing, and how she used points, lines, colors, forms, shapes, and textures in her portrait drawings.

Methods: This research employed the methods of portrait analysis, comparative study, and literary composition to compare Tang Yunyu's works across her early, middle, and late periods from various perspectives. The study process was divided into three phases: the initial phase involved a preliminary review of the documents and literature related to Tang Yunyu; the second phase included field research in Shanghai to explore the lifestyle factors that influenced her artistic production; and the final phase entailed an in-depth analysis of 36 collected works. These works were systematically analyzed, compared, and then the results are summarized within the framework established for this study.

Results: The study results found that 1. Tang Yunyu is a representative of general middle-class women, characterized by her prestigious family background, extensive overseas education, a happy marriage with a husband and overseas settlement. By examining these details, her personal creative characteristics in different periods can be identified and divided into three stages: first, the preliminary understanding of Western oil painting in China and extensive learning in Japan; secondly, self-discipline for learning and developing painting skill in European museums; and the last period of life. Though she settled down in America, she still loved her homeland. 2. From analyzing the relationship between Tang Yunyu's artistic journey and the historical context, this leads to an understanding of her artistic style's influence on Chinese culture and art. It also reflects the consciousness of middle-class people during the Republic of China era. 3. Tang Yunyu’s paintings play a vital role in oil painting education.

Application of this study: This study indicates that Tang Yunyu's works require better maintenance and restoration to enable a more thorough study and analysis of the original points, lines, colors, shapes, forms, textures, and proportion. The collection of materials used in painting should focus more on resources from the same period in the Republic of China. The research relies primarily on the high-definition images of Tang Yunyu's works, but more tracking and collection of her original pieces are necessary. Furthermore, the principles employed in the study of Tang Yunyu's works can serve as a valuable framework for analyzing the artistic works of other artists in the People's Republic of China.

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Journal of Arts and Thai Studies — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700