Journal of Dhamma for Life

Development Of a Management Model for Enhancing the Quality Education Toward Sustainable Development of Vocational Colleges in Yunnan Province, China

Zhao Yunpeng — 2026-06-29

This research aimed to develop a sustainable development model for enhancing the quality of vocational education in Yunnan Province, China. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The quantitative phase involved 514 vocational education teachers selected as the study sample, while the qualitative phase consisted of a focus group discussion with nine experts to validate and refine the proposed model. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a focus group protocol. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified), whereas qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis to support the development of the model.

The findings revealed that the current state of sustainable development in vocational education was at a moderate level, whereas the desirable state was at a high level. The Modified Priority Needs Index indicated that all three dimensions of sustainable development required further improvement, with the highest priority assigned to economic sustainability, followed by social sustainability and environmental sustainability. Based on these findings, a sustainable development model for enhancing the quality of vocational education was developed. The model comprises four interrelated components: (1) the model title, (2) the principles, concepts, and objectives of the model, (3) the key components of the model, and (4) implementation guidelines. The model was subsequently evaluated by experts and found to demonstrate high levels of suitability and feasibility for application in vocational education institutions. The proposed model provides practical guidance for promoting sustainable development and improving the quality of vocational education in Yunnan Province.

Level of Innovative Leadership among Clothing and Dress Design Students at Guangxi Economic and Trade Vocational Institute, China

Jiang Wanqing — 2026-06-29

Innovative leadership has become an essential competency for students in creative and design-oriented disciplines in response to rapid technological advancement and industry transformation. In the context of vocational fashion education, cultivating students’ creativity, collaborative competence, and strategic thinking is increasingly important for preparing them for dynamic professional environments. This study aims to examine the level of innovative leadership among Clothing and Dress Design students at Guangxi Economic and Trade Vocational Institute, China.

The research focuses on four dimensions of innovative leadership: creative thinking, problem-solving and decision-making ability, teamwork and leadership, and innovation awareness with future trend insight. A descriptive research design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection. The findings indicate that the development of innovative leadership among students requires further enhancement across several dimensions, particularly in strengthening innovation awareness and collaborative learning experiences. The study highlights the importance of integrating creativity-oriented pedagogy, project-based learning, and industry-related knowledge into vocational fashion design education. The results provide practical implications for curriculum development, instructional improvement, and the cultivation of innovation-oriented talents in vocational education.

The Mechanisms of Influencing Consumer Perceived Value in New-Style Tea Beverages from a Brand Alliance Perspective

Li Wang — 2026-06-29

Brand co-branding has become an increasingly important marketing strategy in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, particularly in experiential product categories such as new-style tea beverages. Despite its widespread adoption, limited research has systematically examined how multiple dimensions of consumer perceived value contribute to overall value perceptions in co-branded FMCG products. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) describe the demographic characteristics of consumers and examine differences in perceived value across demographic groups, (2) investigate the effects of functional, emotional, and social value on overall consumer perceived value, and (3) examine the value formation mechanism underlying these three value dimensions in co-branded new-style tea beverages, with particular attention to their antecedent factors. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 502 consumers who had prior experience purchasing co-branded new-style tea beverages. The questionnaire served as the primary research instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize demographic characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships among constructs.

The findings revealed that functional value, emotional value, and social value all exert significant positive effects on consumer perceived value. Functional value emerged as the strongest determinant, serving as the primary basis for consumer evaluation, while emotional and social value provided complementary contributions that enhanced overall value perceptions. These findings enrich the literature on co-branding and consumption values by clarifying the distinct roles of multiple value dimensions in FMCG brand alliances and provide practical guidance for developing effective co-branding strategies that integrate functional quality, emotional engagement, and social appeal in experiential consumption markets.

Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment of Sales Employees in the Central Region a Case Study of a Private Company

Pronpreeya Chaingoen — 2026-06-29

This research aims to study the factors affecting organizational commitment among sales employees in the central region, using a case study of a private company. This study is quantitative research, employing a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Data were collected from a sample of 140 sales employees out of a total population of 215, all of whom are actively working in the central region. The key procedures include (1) reviewing related literature and research to establish a conceptual framework of factors that may influence organizational commitment, including personal factors, job characteristics, and work experience (2) developing the questionnaire based on the research framework and (3) collecting data from sales employees in the central region of the selected private company. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire that had been validated for content validity.
The research findings revealed that 1) The overall levels of opinions regarding job characteristics factors, work experience factors, and organizational commitment were at a high to very high level. Organizational commitment had a mean score of 4.52. 2) The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that job characteristics factors and work experience factors together explained 51.6% of the variance in organizational commitment (R² = .516), and the model was statistically significant (F = 73.149, Sig. = .000). When considering each variable individually, work experience factors had a statistically significant influence on organizational commitment (β = .680, Sig. = .000), whereas job characteristics factors were not found to have a statistically significant influence.

Marketing Communication for Developing Traditional Chinese Elements of Animation Movies in Digital Age

Ju Wencong — 2026-06-29

This study aims to: (1) explore marketing communication strategies that enhance the effectiveness of promoting Chinese traditional element animated films; (2) examine the role of these films in supporting the sustainable development of China's animation industry; and (3) develop a marketing communication framework for Chinese traditional element animated films in the digital age. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative phase consisted of a comprehensive literature review, five representative case studies, and in-depth interviews with eight experts, including animation directors, producers, screenwriters, university scholars, and marketing specialists. The quantitative phase involved a questionnaire survey of 400 valid respondents, selected through random sampling from audiences attending major cinemas in Beijing. The research instrument was developed based on established questionnaire design principles and validated through expert review, pilot testing, and post-test reliability assessment. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS.

The findings indicate that digital communication platforms, including social media, online streaming services, and interactive digital marketing, significantly enhance audience engagement, cultural dissemination, and brand recognition of Chinese traditional element animated films. Furthermore, integrating traditional Chinese cultural elements with innovative digital marketing strategies improves audience acceptance, expands international market reach, and supports the sustainable development of China's animation industry. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated marketing communication framework that offers practical guidance for filmmakers, marketers, and policymakers to strengthen cultural communication, enhance industry competitiveness, and promote the long-term sustainability of Chinese traditional animation in the digital era.

The Model of Crisis Management Affecting the Operations of Modern Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas

Yongyuth Mayalarp — 2026-07-02

This research aims to: 1) examine the confirmatory components of crisis management, organizational resilience, and hospital performance in modern hospitals in Bangkok; and 2) analyze the causal relationships among crisis management, organizational resilience, and hospital performance in modern hospitals in Bangkok. The target population consisted of 118,743 personnel working in public and private hospitals. A sample of 400 respondents was determined using Yamane’s formula at a 95% confidence level, and multi-stage sampling was employed. The research instrument was a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, covering crisis management (30 items), organizational resilience (15 items), and hospital performance (25 items). The instrument demonstrated content validity (IOC = 0.67–1.00) and high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.93). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The findings revealed that: (1) the measurement model showed an excellent fit to the empirical data (CFI ≥ 0.997, RMSEA ≤ 0.019), and all variables had factor loadings meeting the standard criteria; and (2) the structural model demonstrated a good fit (χ²/df = 1.035, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.013). Crisis management had a direct positive effect on organizational resilience (β = 0.872); organizational resilience had a direct positive effect on hospital performance (HOP) (β = 0.823); and crisis management had a direct positive effect on hospital performance (β = 0.351). Additionally, organizational resilience also acted as a mediating variable between crisis management and hospital performance in modern hospitals (β = 0.717) with statistical significance.

Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Affecting Employment Decisions for People with Visual Impairments in Bangkok and Its Vicinity

Mahesak Wongnok — 2026-07-03

This study aims to (1) examine organizational perspectives on modern management practices, workplace accessibility and facilities, perceptions toward visually impaired employees, and hiring decisions regarding visually impaired individuals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region; (2) validate the construct validity of these latent variables using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); (3) analyze causal relationships and path effects among variables, with employee perception as a mediating variable; and (4) propose policy and practical guidelines to enhance sustainable employment opportunities for visually impaired individuals. A quantitative research design was employed. The sample consisted of 350 executives or human resource (HR) personnel with hiring authority in private sector organizations, selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire with established validity and reliability. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, namely CFA and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The findings revealed that (1) respondents reported high levels of agreement across all variables, indicating strong organizational awareness of inclusive management and disability employment support; (2) the measurement model demonstrated good fit to empirical data, with factor loadings and model fit indices meeting acceptable criteria; (3) modern organizational management and workplace accessibility had significant direct effects on employee perceptions, which in turn exerted the strongest direct effect on hiring decisions. Additionally, both factors had significant indirect effects on hiring decisions through the mediating variable; and (4) policy implications should be integrated across three levels: macro (government policy), organizational (management systems and accessible technologies), and individual (enhancing self-efficacy and career advancement), to promote sustainable employment of visually impaired individuals in urban contexts.

Skills Of Administrator That Affect Academic Administration in Educational Institutions of Bangkok Area in South Krungthon Group

Hiran Rayabsri — 2026-07-03

This study aimed to (1) examine the levels of school administrators’ managerial skills, (2) investigate the level of academic administration in schools, and (3) identify the managerial skills that significantly influence academic administration in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, South Thonburi Group. A quantitative research design was employed. The sample consisted of 40 schools, with six respondents selected from each school, including one school administrator, one deputy administrator or assistant responsible for academic affairs, and four teachers, yielding a total of 240 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used to analyze the data, while Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to examine the predictive effects of administrators’ managerial skills on academic administration.
The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of school administrators’ managerial skills was at the highest level. Among the four dimensions, cognitive skills demonstrated the highest mean score, followed by human skills, technical skills, and conceptual skills, respectively. (2) The overall level of academic administration was also at the highest level across all dimensions. Curriculum development received the highest mean score, followed by educational quality assurance, instructional management, assessment and evaluation including credit transfer, and educational supervision. (3) Cognitive skills, human skills, and technical skills significantly predicted academic administration at the .01 level of significance, jointly explaining 65.8% of the variance (R² = .658). In contrast, conceptual skills did not significantly predict academic administration. These findings suggest that strengthening school administrators’ cognitive, interpersonal, and technical competencies can substantially enhance the effectiveness of academic administration in schools.

The Impact of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Project Success in the Construction Industry in Nepal: The Mediating Role of Team Collaboration

Roman Man Shrestha — 2026-07-07

This study aims to (1) examine the relationships among leadership style, organizational culture, team collaboration, and project success in the Nepalese construction industry; (2) analyze the mediating role of team collaboration in the relationship between leadership style and project success; and (3) investigate the mediating role of team collaboration in the relationship between organizational culture and project success. A quantitative research design was employed to test the proposed conceptual framework. Data were collected from 364 respondents, including project managers, engineers, and team leaders, using purposive sampling. Prior to the main survey, a pilot study involving 30 construction business owners and managers was conducted to assess the validity of the research instrument. Content validity was established using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) evaluated by three experts. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and reliability testing, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS was used to examine the hypothesized relationships and mediation effects.

The findings indicate that leadership style and organizational culture have significant positive effects on project success. Furthermore, team collaboration significantly mediates the relationships between leadership style and project success as well as between organizational culture and project success. These results provide empirical evidence highlighting the critical role of effective leadership, a supportive organizational culture, and collaborative teamwork in enhancing project performance. The study contributes to the project management literature by extending the understanding of leadership and organizational dynamics in construction projects and offers practical implications for improving project outcomes in the Nepalese construction industry.

An Analytical Study of Sangha’s Affair Administration of the Sangha Administrator in Phuket Province Sangha Administrativeregions (Dhammayut)

Veerachai Veerachayo khajonsuwan — 2026-07-13

This Research, entitled “An Analytical Study of Sangha’s Affair Administration of the Sangha Administrator in Phuket Province Sangha Administrative Regions (Dhammayut)”, pursues three primary objectives: 1. to examine the concepts and theories of administration. 2. to investigate the administration of sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut). 3. to analyze the administration of Sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut). The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, employing documentary qualitative research and in-depth interviews as its principal methods of data collection. The data obtained were systematically analyzed and synthesized, and the results are presented in a descriptive form to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
The results of research were found that: The fundamental administration theory encompasses five essential functions: Planning, which refers to the formulation of strategies and directions; Organizing, which involves the establishment of organizational structures; Staffing, which pertains to the recruitment and development of personnel; Directing, which denotes leadership and guidance; and controlling, which emphasizes quality assurance and oversight. Collectively, these functions are abbreviated in English as POSDC. Sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut), the administration of sangha affairs is carried out across six principal domains: governance, education, educational welfare, propagation, public utilities, and social welfare. The driving force behind these activities is the faith of Buddhist devotees, which sustains the collective effort to preserve and promote Buddhism, while ensuring the continuity of religious successors to uphold the teachings of the Buddha.
An analysis of the administration in these six domains reveals that all activities are conducted within the framework of Buddhist faith and monastic discipline. When linked to the POSDC management theory, it becomes evident that planning defines the direction of religious development, organizing establishes clear systems of operation, staffing focuses on recruiting and cultivating future monastic leaders, directing embodies leadership in the propagation of the Dhamma, and controlling ensures the quality of public utilities and social welfare initiatives. This synthesis demonstrates that Sangha administration is not merely structural management, but rather a dynamic integration of modern management principles with religious values, thereby ensuring the effective and sustainable preservation of Buddhism.

Traditional Chinese Culture Communication by Animation Film: Monkey King Hero Is Back

Song Jiawei — 2026-07-13

This study aims to: (1) explore the representation of traditional Chinese cultural contexts in animation; (2) examine storytelling strategies used to communicate traditional Chinese culture; and (3) identify development approaches for promoting traditional Chinese culture through animation. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to audiences to evaluate perceptions of cultural communication through the film. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, including academics, animation industry professionals, and audience representatives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, and interpretive analysis, while methodological triangulation was applied to enhance the validity and reliability of the findings.

The results indicate that animated films effectively construct cultural contexts by integrating visual symbols, sound, narrative, and traditional spiritual values. Overall, 62% of respondents evaluated animation as an effective or excellent medium for promoting traditional culture. Audiovisual cultural presentation received a mean score of 3.29, while respondents' perceived ability to explain cultural characteristics improved after viewing (Mean = 3.22). Nevertheless, emotional engagement remained comparatively moderate (Mean = 3.19), suggesting that cognitive understanding exceeded emotional internalization. Qualitative findings further revealed that narrative adaptation, particularly the humanization of the Monkey King and the integration of contemporary animation technology with traditional aesthetics, significantly enhanced audience engagement. The study concludes that successful cultural communication through animation depends on the integration of authentic cultural representation, narrative innovation, and technological advancement to achieve sustainable cultural dissemination in both domestic and global contexts.

Desirable Characteristics of Administrators of Special Education Centers Under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1

Natthakan Kawintanutchot — 2026-07-13

The objectives of this research were to 1) examine the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1, 2) compare these desirable characteristics as perceived by teachers, classified by age, educational level, and work experience and 3) the guidelines for developing the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. This study employed a mixed-methods research design comprising quantitative and qualitative phases. In the quantitative phase, the research samples were 260 teachers from Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. The instrument for data collection was a set of questionnaires. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the qualitative phase, the research samples were five educational institution administrators. The instrument for data collection was a set of structured interviews, and data analysis used content analysis.

The results revealed that the overall desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1 were at a high level. When considered by dimension, all dimensions were rated at a high level, ranked from highest to lowest mean as follows: personality, morality and ethics, vision, knowledge and competence, human relations, and leadership. The results of hypothesis testing indicated that teachers with different age groups, educational levels, and work experience did not exhibit statistically significant differences in their perceptions of the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. Guidelines for developing the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 1 consist of six aspects: knowledge and competence, leadership, human relations, personality, morality and ethics, and vision.

Service Marketing Mix Factors Influencing Home Inspection Service Purchase Decisions in Bangkok Metropolitan and Pathum Thani

Apipat Bussayabuntoon — 2026-07-14

This research aims to study 1) the demographic factors of consumers affecting the decision to purchase home inspection services, and 2) the importance of Service Marketing Mix (8P's) factors influencing the decision to purchase home inspection services in Bangkok and Pathum Thani. This study employed a quantitative research design using questionnaires as the data collection instrument. Data were collected from 168 respondents through both online and offline methods during November 2025 to January 2026. The instrument achieved a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.910, indicating very high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics independent-samples t-test one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc analysis.

The results revealed that: 1) Demographic factors including gender, age, occupation, experience, marital status, and location showed statistically significant differences in purchasing decisions, while education level and monthly income did not show significant differences. 2) The overall Service Marketing Mix score was at the highest level (M= 4.53). When ranked by importance, Productivity & Quality ranked first (4.85), followed by People (4.76), Product/Service (4.73), Process (4.54), Price (4.45), Physical Evidence (4.42), Place (4.41), and Promotion (4.06) respectively.

The Protection of a Temple’S Rights as a Transferee of Ownership in Immovable Property Acquired by Adverse Possession

Phrakruworadhammawathi Chandawuttho Raklaemthong — 2026-07-14

This research article aims to 1) study the process of acquiring ownership of property and the protection of the rights of transferees, 2) study the concepts and theories related to the protection of rights of transferees acquiring property from adverse possession, 3) study the problems and causes regarding the protection of rights of transferees of property acquired through adverse possession, and 4) propose guidelines for improving relevant laws and regulations to provide appropriate and fair protection for good-faith transferees who acquire immovable property derived from adverse possession for valuable consideration.

The research results reveal that acquiring ownership through adverse possession is an acquisition by operation of law. Possessors must petition the court for an inquiry and a certifying order before land registration. Although the Civil and Commercial Code contains provisions protecting good-faith transferees in several scenarios, it does not cover cases of transfers derived from adverse possession. The problem arises when the court subsequently revokes irregular judicial proceedings, rendering the ownership order void and the land registration revoked. Consequently, a temple, acting as a juristic person purchasing land in good faith for religious purposes, loses ownership based on the principle that a transferee has no better right than a transferor. The researcher proposes amending the Civil and Commercial Code by adding Section 1332/1 to close this legal loophole and fairly protect the rights of good-faith transferees who acquire land from adverse possession for valuable consideration.

Comparative Analysis of the Law on Criminal Mediation With The Mediation Process of Monks

Phra Sane Patipano — 2026-07-14

This research article aims to 1. To study the concepts, theories, and laws related to criminal mediation and the mediation process of monks. 2. To study the laws related to mediation in criminal cases and the mediation process of monks. 3. To study, analyze, and compare the mediation of criminal cases with the mediation process of monks. 4. To find ways to improve and develop laws related to criminal mediation and the mediation process of monks to be appropriate according to legal concepts, theories, and practices. This study adopted a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through documentary research, including statutes, regulations, ecclesiastical laws, Buddhist disciplinary rules (Vinaya), academic literature, previous studies, and relevant judicial decisions. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants comprising legal scholars, Buddhist scholars, monks responsible for ecclesiastical dispute resolution, and experts in mediation. A semi-structured interview protocol was employed as the research instrument, and the collected data were analyzed using content analysis.

The research results showed that: 1. Problems in the mediation process of the monastic community: Currently, there is a lack of clear standards and procedures for resolving disputes. There is a lack of personnel with specialized expertise, as well as a lack of a legal mechanism that is mandatory to accept concrete mediation results. 2. Principles and Theories of Integrated Mediation: Mediation is a voluntary, alternative justice process. It maintains relationships by transitioning from Competitive Theory to Problem-Solving Theory and Conflict Theory to manage conflicts and bring about positive changes. 3. In terms of the potential of mediators: The monks who are in charge of resolving monastic offenses should be encouraged to be proficient in both civil law and the Vinaya (Book of Discipline), based on the principles of Adhikaraṇasamatha as the foundation, applied with mediation skills to be in line with the current social context. 4. Preparation of standards and supporting structures: A standard operating procedure (SOP) with clear procedures should be prepared, and a committee of qualified mediators should be appointed. 5. The proactive role of support agencies: The National Office of Buddhism should be the core of promoting knowledge, develop a mediator training course, and coordinate integration with judicial authorities to maximize the effectiveness of dispute resolution and mediation in the clergy.

Developing the New Training Model of Chinese Musical Singing

Xiang yu Li — 2026-07-14

This research aims to examine the standards and key components of high-quality Chinese musical singing, analyze existing training approaches and their limitations, and develop a new training model for Chinese musical singing by integrating the Linklater voice training method, Speech Level Singing, and K-pop singing techniques. A qualitative research design combined with classroom action research was employed. Participants included contemporary pop singing students, professional musical theatre performers, and vocal instructors. Research instruments consisted of in-depth interviews, performance observations, and pre- and post-training assessments.

The findings reveal that high-quality Chinese musical performance requires the integration of three core dimensions: vocal technique, emotional expression, and theatrical performance. The study also indicates that current training practices tend to be fragmented, focusing primarily on isolated vocal techniques, which leads to vocal instability and difficulties in integrating singing with acting. The newly developed training model demonstrates significant improvement in vocal control, emotional communication, and stage performance. Participants showed reduced vocal tension, smoother register transitions, and increased confidence during performance. Overall, the results suggest that a situational and integrative training approach, combining multiple vocal training systems, effectively enhances the holistic singing and performance abilities of Chinese musical theatre performers. This model provides both practical and theoretical contributions to musical theatre education in China and supports the development of context-sensitive training frameworks for contemporary musical performance.

A Descriptive Study of Organizational Management Factors in Nanning University: Leadership Effectiveness, Organizational Culture Teacher Competency and Knowledge Sharing

Shi Chaoyi — 2026-07-31

This study aimed to examine the level of organizational management factors at Nanning University. The research focused on four dimensions: leadership effectiveness, organizational culture, teacher competency, and knowledge sharing. A descriptive research design was employed to describe the current condition of organizational management based on the perceptions of university employees. The sample consisted of 276 academic and administrative staff members from Nanning University, selected from a population of 890 lecturers using Yamane’s formula at a 95% confidence level. A structured questionnaire was used as the research instrument, and the data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The findings revealed that the overall level of organizational management factors at Nanning University was at a high level, with a mean score of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 0.77. Among the four dimensions, leadership effectiveness had the highest mean score (M = 4.09, S.D. = 0.72), followed by teacher competency (M = 4.02, S.D. = 0.73), organizational culture (M = 3.77, S.D. = 0.77), and knowledge sharing (M = 3.58, S.D. = 0.75). All dimensions were interpreted at a high level, indicating that employees generally perceived the university’s organizational management positively. However, knowledge sharing received the lowest mean score among the four dimensions, suggesting that the university may further strengthen opportunities for staff members to exchange professional knowledge, teaching experience, and work-related information. The results of this study provide useful information for university administrators to improve internal management, enhance staff collaboration, support teacher development, and promote institutional effectiveness.

Reinforcement Of Financial Planning Based on Buddhist Perspectives for Retirement Preparation

Phramaha Rangsey Thanavuddho Peykaeo — 2026-07-31

This study aimed to 1) study financial planning for retirement preparedness; 2) examine Buddhist cognitive systems that enhance financial planning for retirement preparedness; 3) strengthen financial planning for retirement preparedness through Buddhist cognitive systems; and 4) propose a model and body of knowledge concerning the enhancement of financial planning for retirement preparedness through Buddhist cognitive systems. The study employed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 key informants and analyzed using descriptive analysis.

The findings revealed that financial planning for retirement preparedness in Thailand relies primarily on welfare funds and long-term savings mechanisms, including the Social Security Fund, Government Pension Fund, Provident Fund, National Savings Fund, and Retirement Mutual Fund. The Buddhist cognitive systems that enhance financial planning consist of 1) the development of financial literacy, 2) the cultivation of financial discipline, and 3) the establishment of financial goals. The analysis further showed that the principle of Santosa supports financial planning based on knowledge, skills, and moral values; the principle of Bhoga-vibhāga promotes disciplined financial management; and the principle of Diṭṭhadhammikattha encourages diligence, saving behavior, social networking, and moderate consumption. The findings led to the development of a “Model for Enhancing Financial Planning for Retirement Preparedness through Buddhist Cognitive Systems,” which can be applied to promote effective financial planning and retirement preparedness.

Buddhist Art Appeared in Uposatha Based on Aesthetics

Phra Yordkom KhunSittho Chainirattisai — 2026-08-02

The study aims to 1) examine concepts of Buddhist art and aesthetics, 2) explore Buddhist artistic elements presented in Phra Ubosot, 3) analyze Buddhist art through aesthetic theories, and 4) propose a new body of knowledge regarding Buddhist art in Phra Ubosot from an aesthetic perspective. This qualitative research employed documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources, including the Tipitaka, historical art texts, and related academic documents, combined with in-depth interviews with 15 key informants from three groups: Buddhist ecclesiastical administrators, art historians, and cultural experts. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis to identify the interconnectedness between Buddhist art, aesthetic concepts, and the historical evolution of Thai Phra Ubosot.

The findings reveal that Buddhist art is not merely a representation of physical beauty but functions as a medium for communicating religious meanings and social values through architecture, sculpture, and mural painting. Architectural designs reflect Buddhist cosmology, sculptures embody idealized Buddha characteristics, and murals convey Buddhist teachings and ethical principles. The study further demonstrates that Buddhist art operates within three major aesthetic perspectives: materialism, emphasizing artistic principles, proportions, and craftsmanship; idealism, emphasizing individual spiritual experience and faith; and relativism, explaining the transformation of aesthetic values according to historical and socio-cultural contexts. Furthermore, Buddhist art in Phra Ubosot during the reigns of King Rama I–V continuously evolved in response to national strategies and changing global contexts. This research proposes the “AESR Model” as a new conceptual framework explaining four fundamental roles of Buddhist art: A: Aesthetics as a Medium, referring to beauty as a pathway leading individuals toward Buddhist teachings; E: Elevation of Spirit, representing the transformation of visual appreciation into inner spiritual refinement; S: Symbolic Meaning of State, reflecting religious beliefs and the authority of Buddhist patronage; and R: Reflection of National Strategy, demonstrating the adaptation of Buddhist art in response to national development and global change. The study concludes that Thai Buddhist art represents a dynamic aesthetic system in which religious principles, artistic conventions, and socio-political contexts are integrated, with Phra Ubosot serving simultaneously as a sacred space for individual spiritual cultivation and a symbolic space for constructing national identity.

The Influence of Theravada Buddhist Philosophy Embedded in the Nirat Literary Works of Sunthornphoo to Thai Society

Thanyalak Arayatanon — 2026-08-04

This study aims to (1) examine Sunthorn Phu’s Nirat literature, (2) investigate the Theravāda Buddhist philosophy embodied in his Nirat works and its influence on Thai society, (3) analyze the philosophical concepts reflected in these literary works, and (4) propose a body of knowledge concerning the application of Theravāda Buddhist philosophy derived from Sunthorn Phu’s Nirat literature for the sustainable development of Thai society. This qualitative study employed documentary research in conjunction with in-depth interviews. The key informants consisted of nine experts in Thai literature, Buddhist studies, and Buddhist philosophy. The research instruments included a document analysis form and a semi-structured interview protocol. Data credibility was ensured through triangulation, while the collected data were analyzed using content analysis and interpretive synthesis.

The findings reveal that Sunthorn Phu’s Nirat works—Nirat Mueang Klaeng, Nirat Phra Bat, and Nirat I-nao—possess not only outstanding literary and aesthetic value but also serve as significant socio-cultural records that subtly integrate Theravāda Buddhist teachings. The most prominent philosophical concepts identified include the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihāra 4), which promote compassion, loving-kindness, and harmonious social relationships; the Three Characteristics of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa), which emphasize impermanence, suffering, and non-self as foundations for detachment and wisdom; and the Five Sensual Pleasures (Kāmaguṇa 5), which encourage awareness of sensory attachment through the perspectives of gratification (assāda), danger (ādīnava), and escape (nissaraṇa). Based on these findings, the study synthesizes a conceptual framework entitled the CDP Model, comprising three interrelated dimensions: Creating Society, Developing the Mind, and Promoting Education. The model represents the study’s original contribution by providing an integrative framework for applying Theravāda Buddhist philosophy embedded in classical Thai literature to strengthen moral values, educational development, and sustainable social development in contemporary Thai society.

Buddhism Propagation in a Multicultural Society Based on the Four Iddhipāda Principles in Sadao District, Songkhla Province

Phra Promsan Apiwattano Pittayawiwatkul — 2026-08-04

This research aims to: 1) Study the concepts and theories of Buddhist propagation in a multicultural society; 2) Examine the Four Paths of Accomplishment (Iddhipada IV) in Theravada Buddhism; and 3) Analyze the application of Iddhipada IV in Buddhist propagation within the multicultural context of Sadao District, Songkhla Province. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing documentary analysis and field research to gather in-depth data.

The findings reveal that Buddhist propagation in a multicultural society necessitates an attitude of mutual acceptance and the creation of common ground for peaceful coexistence. Iddhipada IV serves as a vital ethical driver: Chanda (Aspiration) represents the love and faith in propagation work focused on peace; Viriya (Effort) is the perseverance in adapting to and learning complex social contexts; Citta (Thoughtfulness) involves attentiveness and understanding the diverse lifestyles of local residents; and Vimamsa (Investigation) is the use of wisdom to reflect on and evaluate situations to find appropriate practical guidelines that do not conflict with the beliefs of other religions. The analysis of Iddhipada IV in Sadao District a border area characterized by diverse Thai, Chinese, and Malay ethnicities, as well as the coexistence of Buddhists and Muslims shows that the local Buddhist community applies these principles through social activities and public welfare. These efforts prioritize "humanitarianism" over "doctrinal differences." By employing Chanda to foster friendships and Viriya to communicate effectively within a multicultural framework, Buddhist propagation in Sadao District transcends mere proselytization. Instead, it emphasizes the dissemination of "virtue" to promote sustainable, peaceful coexistence and mutual support in a diverse society.

Experiences And Coping of Family Caregivers in Caring for Elderly with Depression

Threehathai Sakulnattee — 2026-08-27

This study aimed to explore the coping strategies employed by family caregivers in providing care for older adults with depression. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted to capture caregivers lived experiences. Fifteen primary family caregivers of older adults diagnosed with depression who attended the psychiatric outpatient department at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital were purposively recruited. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analyzed using systematic content and contextual analysis to identify recurring themes and meanings embedded in participants' experiences.

The findings revealed five major coping strategies adopted by family caregivers: (1) seeking knowledge and understanding about depression and its treatment; (2) adapting caregiving practices and communication to accommodate patients' emotional conditions and functional limitations; (3) managing personal emotions and psychological distress; (4) expressing emotions and seeking support from family members and significant others; and (5) maintaining positive perspectives while accepting the realities of the illness. Caregivers actively sought information regarding depressive symptoms, treatment options, and medication management to reduce uncertainty and improve caregiving confidence. They also modified communication styles, closely monitored patients' emotional changes, encouraged participation in meaningful and relaxing activities, and relied on emotional regulation strategies, social support networks, and cognitive reframing to sustain their caregiving role. The findings suggest that family caregivers employ both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies in response to the complex demands of caring for older adults with depression. These coping processes are dynamic and interconnected, integrating practical problem-solving, emotional regulation, social support, and positive adaptation. The findings provide valuable evidence for developing caregiver support programs, psychoeducational interventions, and mental health services that strengthen caregivers' resilience and promote sustainable, high-quality care for older adults with depression.

An Analystical Study of the 5 Gati Affecting the Way of Life of Thai People in the Modern Society

Phrakhrupalad Thawat Rakkhitasaththo Na Bangchang — 2026-08-27

This study aimed to: (1) examine the Five Destinations according to Theravada Buddhist principles; (2) investigate the lifestyles of Thai people in contemporary society; and (3) analyze the influence of the Five Destinations on the lifestyles of Thai people in contemporary society. This study employed a qualitative research methodology based on documentary research and in-depth interviews. Primary sources included the Tipitaka, while secondary sources comprised commentaries, academic textbooks, scholarly documents, and relevant research studies. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 key informants. The research instruments consisted of a documentary research framework and a semi-structured in-depth interview guide. Data were analyzed using content analysis and inductive analysis, and the findings were presented through descriptive and analytical approaches.

The findings revealed that the Five Destinations constitute a metaphysical framework explaining the systematic relationship between human actions, karmic consequences, and destinations of rebirth. The concept reflects causality, moral justice, and individual responsibility for one’s actions and life circumstances. Although Thai society has undergone substantial transformation in response to globalization, the concept of the Five Destinations remains embedded in everyday life through beliefs concerning merit and demerit, mindfulness, non-negligence, and virtuous conduct. It functions as a fundamental value system shaping individual, family, and community life. Furthermore, the Five Destinations serve as a mechanism for establishing moral values and social norms by employing the concepts of fortunate and unfortunate destinations as frameworks for evaluating human behavior. These principles encourage honesty, compassion, and personal responsibility, thereby contributing to peaceful coexistence and the improvement of quality of life in Thai society.

Work Performance Motivation Affecting Effectiveness of Police Officers’ Work Performance Under Don Mueang Police Station

Siraprapa Kuwenrat — 2026-08-27

This research aimed to 1) examine the level of work motivation among police officers at Don Mueang Metropolitan Police Station 2) investigate the level of job performance and 3) analyze the motivational factors affecting job performance effectiveness among police officers at Don Mueang Metropolitan Police Station. This research employed a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 146 police officers selected using Cochran’s formula and stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

The findings revealed that: 1) the overall level of work motivation across the five factors was high ( = 3.98, S.D. = 0.952). Among these factors, achievement had the highest mean score, followed by responsibility, job characteristics, recognition, and advancement, respectively. 2) The overall level of job performance effectiveness across the four dimensions was also high ( = 3.95, S.D. = 0.712). Work quality had the highest mean score, followed by efficient use of resources, timeliness, and work quantity, respectively. 3) Three motivational factors significantly influenced job performance effectiveness at the 0.05 level of statistical significance. These factors explained 79.50% of the variance in job performance effectiveness (R² = 0.795), with a standard error of estimate of 0.32854. The findings suggest that police station administrators should emphasize strengthening work motivation, particularly by promoting achievement, appropriately increasing responsibility, and creating opportunities for career advancement. Such efforts are likely to enhance job performance effectiveness in terms of quality, quantity, timeliness, and efficient resource utilization in a sustainable and effective manner.

Digital Marketing Communication of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Entrepreneurs in Film Event Organizing Businesses in Thailand

Xinxin Ye — 2026-08-27

This research aimed to: (1) examine the current situation of digital marketing communication among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in film event organization in Thailand; (2) investigate the components of digital marketing communication; and (3) propose effective digital marketing communication guidelines for such business operators.The study employed a mixed-methods research approach. Quantitative data were collected from 400 people residing in Bangkok, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 17 key informants who possessed knowledge and experience in digital marketing communication for film event organization businesses in Thailand. The research instruments consisted of a questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

The findings revealed that SMEs in the film event management industry have increasingly shifted toward fully integrated digital marketing communication by adopting online platforms, streaming services, and social media platforms, particularly Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. These platforms were used in conjunction with trailer releases, special events, influencer marketing, reviews, and electronic word-of-mouth to generate awareness, engagement, and targeted reach. Generation Y and Generation Z constituted the primary target groups, with an increasing emphasis on creating shared experiences through digital channels. Six key components of digital marketing communication were identified: (1) content communication ( = 4.47), (2) platform communication ( = 4.45), (3) behavioral intention (x̄ = 4.43), (4) public relations ( = 4.35), (5) perceived communication quality ( = 4.32), and (6) personal characteristics ( = 4.29). The proposed guidelines emphasize storytelling-based content, appropriate platform selection, behavioral engagement strategies, digital public relations, clear and persuasive information, and demographic and generational segmentation. The findings provide a strategic framework for enhancing the effectiveness of digital marketing communication among SMEs in Thailand’s film event management industry and for aligning marketing practices with contemporary consumer behavior in the digital era.

The Legal Problem Under the Computer Crime Act B.E. 2550 Amendment (No. 2) B.E. 2560: Study Creating Faith or Beliefs Related to Theravada Buddhism

Supot Rattanaburi — 2026-08-29

This research examines the relationship between the formation of faith and religious beliefs in Buddhism and the enforcement of the computer-Related Crime Act (No. 2) B.E. 2560 (2017), particularly in relation to the dissemination or distortion of information that may affect religious beliefs, public morality, and freedom of expression. The study had four objectives: (1) to examine concepts and theories concerning the formation of Buddhist faith and religious beliefs, as well as concepts relating to computer-related offenses; (2) to examine relevant Thai and foreign laws and Supreme Court judgments; (3) to analyze and compare these principles with the provisions of the Computer-Related Crime Act (No. 2) B.E. 2560 and other relevant laws; and (4) to propose recommendations for improving the legal framework to ensure its appropriateness and compatibility with the digital social context. The study employed a qualitative research approach using documentary research. The data sources comprised primary documents, including the Constitution, statutes, codes, ministerial regulations, and relevant Supreme Court judgments, as well as secondary sources, including books, textbooks, academic articles, research studies, and legal documents from Thailand and other jurisdictions. The research instruments consisted of a document-recording and analytical framework. Data were analyzed using content analysis and comparative legal analysis.

The findings indicate that the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime 2001 (Budapest Convention) constitutes an important international framework for protecting computer systems and data and facilitating international cooperation. Nevertheless, Thai law remains subject to limitations concerning the definition and interpretation of criminal elements relating to the distortion or dissemination of information that may affect religious beliefs, particularly where a balance must be achieved between the protection of morality and social values and the constitutional right to freedom of expression. The study therefore recommends clarifying the relevant legal criteria and emphasizing demonstrable harm arising from unlawful conduct. The application of criminal law principles and proportionate preventive measures should also be strengthened to address potential harm to society while maintaining the principles of the rule of law, fundamental freedoms, and the realities of the digital society.

Digital Skills of School Administrators Affecting Academic Administration the Nakhon Pathom Primary Educational Service Area District Office 2

Pathra kasaba — 2026-08-29

This study aimed to: (1) examine the level of digital skills of school administrators; (2) examine the level of academic administration; and (3) analyze the digital skills of school administrators that affect academic administration in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Pathom Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample consisted of 92 schools, with four respondents from each school: one school director, one head of academic administration, and two teachers, for a total of 368 respondents. The research instrument was a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire consisting of general information, 10 aspects of school administrators’ digital skills, and 7 aspects of academic administration. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

The findings revealed that the overall level of school administrators’ digital skills was high ( = 4.46, S.D.=0.29). Among the dimensions, practical experience and application and digital technology proficiency received the highest mean scores, whereas collaboration and teamwork received the lowest. The overall level of academic administration was also high ( = 4.42, S.D.=0.26), with curriculum and learning process development receiving the highest mean score and student records, measurement, and evaluation receiving the lowest. Furthermore, five dimensions of digital skills effective communication, digital technology proficiency, digital leadership and management, information and data management, and digital safety and ethics significantly predicted academic administration at the .01 level. These five predictors jointly explained 60.90% of the variance in academic administration (R2=.609, Adjusted R2=.603, S.E.=.166). The findings indicate that strengthening school administrators’ digital skills, particularly in communication, technology use, data management, digital leadership, and digital safety and ethics, is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of academic administration and supporting school development in the digital era.

Leadership Based on the Four Iddhipada Principles Affecting the Core Mission Administration of Educational Institutions Under the Nakhon Pathom Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Yaowaluck Wongwikarn — 2026-08-29

The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to study the leadership of school administrators based on the Four Paths of Accomplishment (Iddhipada 4), 2) to examine the level of school administration tasks, and 3) to investigate the leadership based on the Four Paths of Accomplishment that affects school administration tasks under the Nakhon Pathom Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The research sample consisted of 92 schools. The informants were 368 personnel, including school directors, heads of academic affairs, and teachers. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

The research findings revealed that: 1) The overall leadership based on the Four Paths of Accomplishment of school administrators was at a high level. Considering each aspect, the highest mean was Perseverance (Viriya), followed by Will (Chanda), Attentiveness (Citta), and Reflection (Vimamsa), respectively. 2) The overall school administration tasks were also at a high level. The aspect with the highest mean was school quality administration, followed by teacher and staff development, environment and service management, and curriculum and academic administration, respectively. 3) Leadership in Reflection (Vimamsa) and Attentiveness (Citta) statistically significantly affected school administration tasks at the .01 level. The multiple regression predictive equations could be written in raw score and standardized score forms as follows: Raw

Score Equation: = 2.702 + .232 + .155

Standard Score Equation: = .355 ( ) + .237 ( )

Interpersonal Skills Based on the Four Brahmavihara Principles of School Administrators Affecting Personnel Management in Schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Suphanburi

Kotchakorn Phewpimdee — 2026-08-29

This study aimed to: (1) examine the interpersonal skills based on the Four Brahmavihāras of school administrators; (2) investigate the level of personnel administration; and (3) examine the extent to which school administrators’ interpersonal skills based on the Four Brahmavihāras predict personnel administration under the jurisdiction of the Suphan Buri Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The sample consisted of 317 participants, including school administrators, heads of personnel administration departments, and teachers. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using a statistical software package. The statistical methods included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research findings revealed that: 1) The human relations skills based on Brahmavihara 4 of school administrators, both overall and in each aspect, were at a high level. Ranking from the highest to the lowest mean were communication and coordination skills, working with others skills, understanding and accepting others skills, and motivational skills, respectively. 2) The personnel administration, both overall and in each aspect, was at a high level. Ranking from the highest to the lowest mean were efficient recruitment, teacher and staff development, personnel assignment, morale boosting, and counseling and problem-solving, respectively. 3) The human relations skills based on Brahmavihara 4 of school administrators significantly affected personnel administration. Specifically, understanding and accepting others skills, communication and coordination skills, and motivational skills had a positive effect, whereas working with others skills had a negative effect. Together, these four variables could predict the personnel administration at 76.2% The forecast equations derived from the analysis were as follows:

In raw score form

𝑌 ′ = .582 + .516(X₄) + .356(X₂) + .145(X₁) - .166(X₃)

In standard score form

𝑍’ = .547(Z₄) + .395(Z₂) + .144(Z₁) -.165(Z₃)

Healthy Bakery: Business Opportunities and Challenges

Wacharee Siripun — 2026-08-29

This study aimed to 1) investigate consumers' purchasing behavior and decision-making factors regarding healthy bakery products, 2) examine the business practices of healthy bakery entrepreneurs, and 3) analyze the alignment between consumer preferences and entrepreneurs' product development strategies. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 400 consumers using a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with seven key informants, including healthy bakery entrepreneurs, consumers, and nutritionists. The research instruments were validated for content validity prior to data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, whereas qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

The findings revealed that most respondents were female (83.0%), aged 50–59 years (35.5%), held a bachelor's degree or equivalent (45.0%), and were government employees (22.25%). Consumers identified nutritional value, taste, price, and value for money as the primary determinants of purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs focused on developing healthier products by incorporating alternative ingredients and reformulating recipes to improve nutritional quality. Nevertheless, they encountered significant challenges related to production costs, pricing strategies, and market competition. The analysis further indicated both convergence and divergence between consumer expectations and entrepreneurs' business strategies, particularly concerning product price and taste. The study concludes that the healthy bakery market demonstrates strong growth potential driven by increasing health consciousness. Sustainable business success depends on balancing nutritional quality, sensory appeal, affordability, and consumer satisfaction to enhance competitiveness and support long-term business growth.

Smart Digital Technology Affects the Efficiency of Water Management of Royal Irrigation Department

Thanat Tannarat — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to investigate: (1) the level of personnel opinions toward smart digital technologies in water management within the Royal Irrigation Department (RID); (2) the level of water management efficiency; (3) the relationship between personnel opinions toward smart digital technologies and water management efficiency; and (4) the smart digital technology factors affecting water management efficiency. This quantitative research employed a sample of 243 RID civil servants, determined using Yamane’s formula and selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

The findings revealed that: (1) personnel opinions toward smart digital technologies were at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.19, S.D. = 0.48). Among the dimensions, attitude toward technology use had the highest mean score, while awareness and training had the lowest. In addition, smart digital technology factors were rated at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.13, S.D. = 0.58), with the Smart Water Operations Center receiving the highest mean score and the Central Database the lowest. (2) Water management efficiency was also rated at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.17, S.D. = 0.58), with resource utilization showing the highest mean score, while work quantity had the lowest. (3) Personnel opinions toward smart digital technologies were positively correlated with water management efficiency at the 0.05 level of statistical significance, with work quality demonstrating the strongest relationship (r = 0.700). (4) Five smart digital technology factors significantly affected water management efficiency at the 0.05 level of significance and jointly explained 76.80% of the variance in water management efficiency (R² = 0.768). This indicates that smart digital technology factors have a substantial influence on water management efficiency, highlighting the importance of systematic technology development alongside personnel development and capacity building.

Integration of Theravada Buddhist Philosophy Principles to Encourage Duty Performance of Officials in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Phra Ananphong Santesako Chaiket — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to: (1) to study the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials; (2) to examine Theravāda Buddhist philosophy, particularly the Five Precepts, that can be applied to promote the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials; (3) to integrate Theravāda Buddhist principles with the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials; and (4) to propose an integrated model applying Theravāda Buddhist principles to promote the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials. This study employed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected from relevant documents, concepts, theories, and previous research, as well as through fieldwork involving three groups of 15 key informants: five Buddhist and philosophical scholars, five Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials, and five service recipients of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials. The research instrument was a structured in-depth interview protocol, which was examined for content validity by experts prior to data collection. The researcher conducted the interviews personally, and the data were analyzed through content analysis and systematic data synthesis.

The findings revealed that the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials should emphasize responsibility in three dimensions: self-management, people management, and work management. There is also a need to strengthen morality, ethics, and consciousness in the performance of official duties. The Five Precepts refraining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, false speech, and intoxicants can be applied as a moral framework for regulating behavior and promoting officials’ responsibility toward themselves, others, and their duties. Such integration leads to the “3R Model,” in which the Five Precepts serve as the moral foundation and are connected to three dimensions of responsibility: self-management, people management, and work management. This model represents a process of moral development from internal cultivation to external practice, ultimately contributing to good governance, transparency, credibility, and sustainable efficiency in the performance of duties of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration officials.

Factors Influencing the Policy of Recruiting Civilian Defense Officials by The Office of The Permanent Secretary of The Ministry of Defence

Narat Jotinujit — 2026-08-30

This research aimed to study (1) the level of policy implementation regarding the recruitment and appointment of civil defense officials under the Office of the Permanent Secretary for Defence; (2) differences in opinions based on personal factors; (3) factors affecting policy implementation; and (4) approaches to driving the implementation of the policy. This quantitative research involved a sample of 286 military officers under the Office of the Permanent Secretary for Defence, selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and content analysis.

The findings revealed that (1) all six aspects of policy implementation factors were at a high level (x̄ = 4.11, S.D. = 0.44), with policy standards and objectives having the highest mean score. Overall policy implementation was also at a high level (x̄ = 4.16, S.D. = 0.46), with compliance with rules and regulations having the highest mean score. (2) Differences in gender resulted in statistically significant differences in opinions regarding alignment with strategic objectives at the 0.05 significance level, whereas age, position, and organizational unit showed no significant differences. (3) Factors affecting policy implementation included external economic, social, and political factors (Beta = 0.56, Sig. = 0.00) and resource factors (Beta = 0.14, Sig. = 0.03), both of which had positive effects on policy implementation. (4) A key approach to driving policy implementation is to develop a transparent, fair, and accountable recruitment and selection system in order to enhance organizational efficiency, confidence, and good governance.

Social Media for Enhancing Communication Quality of Life Elderly at Phlapphla Chai Subdistrict Elderly School, Suphanburi Province

khanassamon Temrak — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to (1) examine the effects of social media use for daily communication among older adults attending the Elderly School in Plubplachai Subdistrict, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand; (2) analyze the internal and external factors influencing their adoption and use of social media technologies; and (3) identify an effective model for improving older adults' quality of life through the utilization of social media for communication. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis of learning activities, curricula, and community development projects implemented by the Elderly School. Key informants included older adult participants, local government administrators, project coordinators, and community network partners. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify key themes, influencing factors, communication mechanisms, and patterns contributing to quality-of-life development.

The findings revealed that older adults' use of social media was influenced by multiple factors, including physical and psychological conditions, economic status, digital literacy, communication skills, and support from family members, local communities, and public organizations. Social media use enhanced access to health-related information, strengthened social interaction, reduced feelings of loneliness, increased opportunities for participation in community and public service activities, and promoted sustained social engagement. Consistent with the Active Ageing framework, the study demonstrates that improving digital communication competencies, together with continuous social support, enhances older adults' physical, psychological, and social well-being while fostering self-efficacy and active citizenship. Furthermore, social media serves as a mechanism for reducing the intergenerational digital divide, facilitating knowledge exchange, and empowering older adults to participate more actively in community life. These findings provide practical implications for designing policies, educational programs, and community-based initiatives that support digital inclusion and promote sustainable quality of life among older adults in aging societies.

An Analysis of Stress Management Based on the Four Noble Truths in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

PhraSuriyon Narissaro Pungpay — 2026-08-30

This research aims to: (1) examine the concepts and theories of stress management; (2) investigate the Four Noble Truths in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy; and (3) analyze stress management based on the Four Noble Truths within the framework of Theravāda Buddhist philosophy. This study employed a qualitative research design, integrating documentary research with in-depth interviews to provide comprehensive and reliable findings. Documentary data were collected from the Tipiṭaka, commentaries (Aṭṭhakathā), academic books, scholarly articles, and related research. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy to complement and validate the documentary evidence. The research instruments consisted of a document review protocol and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive interpretation, with triangulation applied to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings.

The findings indicate that stress is a multidimensional response of both body and mind to internal and external stressors, affecting physical health, psychological well-being, behavior, and social relationships. Effective stress management therefore requires an integrated approach encompassing physical, psychological, and social dimensions. The Four Noble Truths Dukkha (suffering), Samudaya (the origin of suffering), Nirodha (the cessation of suffering), and Magga (the path leading to the cessation of suffering) provide a systematic philosophical framework for understanding the nature, causes, resolution, and practical management of life’s difficulties. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the Four Noble Truths can be effectively applied as a sequential stress management model by promoting awareness and acceptance of stress, identifying its underlying causes, pursuing the cessation of stress, and practicing the Noble Eightfold Path to cultivate balanced physical, mental, and behavioral development. This integrative approach contributes to effective stress management, enhances quality of life, and promotes sustainable well-being.

Meaning Construction of Hotpot, Shabu, And Mala Cuisine Through Social Media and the Perceptions of Chinese Students in Thailand

Panom Wanasiri — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to: 1) analyze the content presentation and communication strategies of social media related to hotpot, shabu, and mala cuisine in the Thai social context; and 2) examine the perception, interpretation, and meaning construction of hotpot, shabu, and mala cuisine among Chinese students studying in Thailand. This study employed a qualitative research methodology, using qualitative content analysis together with interpretive analysis. The units of analysis consisted of video clips related to hotpot, shabu, and mala cuisine disseminated through social media, while the key informants were Chinese students studying in Thailand, selected through purposive sampling.

The findings revealed that the presentation of hotpot, shabu, and mala cuisine on social media constituted a process of encoding food meanings through experiential storytelling, representation, and the use of media elements to stimulate viewers’ emotions and sensory perceptions. These types of cuisine were represented in three significant ways: food as a social space, food as a sensory challenge, and food as a symbol of lifestyle and youth trends. Presentation techniques such as close-up shots, fast-paced editing, food-related sounds, on-screen text, and hashtags played an important role in creating sensory imagery of taste and appetizing appeal before viewers had actual consumption experiences. Regarding the perception and interpretation of Chinese students in Thailand, the findings indicated that the audience played an active interpretive role by filtering, comparing, and negotiating meanings from media content with their own lived experiences. Most interpretations reflected a negotiated decoding process, in which the informants partially accepted the meanings presented by the media while modifying their understanding according to personal taste, consumption experiences, length of stay in Thailand, and the Chinese cultural framework they carried with them. The study further found that hotpot, shabu, and mala cuisine were constructed with multiple meanings, including food as a memory of home, food as a space of relationships, food as a new experience abroad, and food as a hybrid culture between China and Thailand.

Conceptual Framework for Democratic Education Based on Buddhist Principles to Develop Quality Citizens

Phrakhru Phichitthammapakhun — 2026-07-03

This academic article aims to critically examine the concept of democracy within the framework of Buddhist principles through a qualitative documentary analysis. The study synthesizes and interprets primary sources from the Tipitaka, relevant commentaries, and contemporary scholarly works in political science and Buddhist philosophy. The findings indicate that Buddhism embodies normative principles congruent with democratic values, including freedom of thought, equality, participatory engagement, majority decision-making, and the doctrine of dhammacracy. These principles are systematically articulated in the Vinaya Pitaka and the Suttanta Pitaka, most notably in the procedures of Sanghakamma, which exemplify collective deliberation and consensual governance. The article proposes an integrative conceptual framework in which democratic principles, when harmonized with Buddhist ethical foundations, generate a robust moral and value-based orientation for educational development. This foundation is operationalized through democratic learning processes that emphasize active participation, rational inquiry, and respect for pluralism. The anticipated outcomes include the cultivation of quality citizenship characterized by public consciousness, moral integrity, and sustained social responsibility. The study contributes to the discourse on value-based democratic education by demonstrating the relevance of Buddhist thought to contemporary civic and educational paradigms.

The Approaches for the Operations of Modern Hospitals

Yongyuth Mayalarp — 2026-07-03

In an era where healthcare systems face growing challenges from technological advancement, demographic shifts, and increasingly complex consumer behaviors, hospital management must transform from traditional administrative models toward modern management approaches that emphasize efficiency, sustainability, and quality of patient care. This study aims to analyze modern hospital management approaches by applying the concepts of Innovative Management, Participatory Management, and Digital Transformation to enhance service processes and internal support systems within hospitals.

The findings reveal that modern hospital management should focus on five key dimensions: (1) defining and directing organizational operations (2) developing strategic perspectives on hospital operations (3) managing facilities (4) improving patient care processes and (5) managing financial and resource systems. The results indicate that modern hospital management must be a systematic process integrating technology, management practices, and human resource development to create value for patients and ensure long-term organizational sustainability. The knowledge gained from this study can serve as a policy and strategic guideline for hospital administrators to develop their organizations into “Smart Hospitals”, characterized by operational efficiency and responsiveness to the future challenges of Thailand’s healthcare system.

Analyzing the Beliefs in the Bai Sri Su Kwan Ceremony According to Ethics

Phramaha Niti Thiradhammo — 2026-07-17

This academic article aims to analyze the beliefs embodied in the Bai Sri Su Kwan (traditional Thai spirit-calling ceremony) from an ethical perspective in order to explain the relationship between folk beliefs and ethical principles within the context of Thai society. The study employs documentary research, drawing upon the Tipiṭaka, commentaries, ritual manuals, academic publications, and other relevant sources. The collected data were synthesized and analyzed using content analysis.

The findings reveal that the Bai Sri Su Kwan ceremony is not merely a ritual for auspiciousness or the restoration of one's spirit according to traditional folk beliefs, but also a cultural system that reflects a wide range of ethical values. These include gratitude, compassion, social harmony, respect for seniority, heedfulness, and social responsibility. Furthermore, the ceremony functions as a mechanism for psychological healing, strengthening morale, and fostering relationships among individuals, families, and communities. These functions are consistent with Buddhist ethics, which emphasize the holistic development of human behavior, mental well-being, and wisdom. This article proposes that the Bai Sri Su Kwan ceremony can be understood as a "cultural ethical system" that integrates indigenous folk beliefs with the principles of Buddhist ethics. Consequently, the ritual should be recognized not only as an element of cultural heritage but also as a means of transmitting moral values, strengthening community cohesion, and preserving social values in contemporary Thai society. It may therefore serve as an appropriate framework for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage while simultaneously promoting the ethical development of Thai society.

Can The Buddha Do a Verbal Affliction?

Phramaha Khunpon Klaysuwan — 2026-08-31

This study examines whether the Buddha could engage in verbally harmful conduct by analyzing the case of Māgandiyā as presented in the Dhammapada Commentary, which constitutes secondary data, in comparison with the principles of speech articulated in the Vācā Sutta and the Abhaya Rājakumāra Sutta in the Pāli Canon, which constitute primary data. The study employs a textual and analytical approach to examine the Buddha’s use of speech and the ethical criteria underlying his verbal conduct.

The findings indicate that the Buddha’s speech in the Māgandiyā episode, as presented in the Dhammapada Commentary, differs significantly from the principles governing speech found in the Pāli Canon. In the commentary, the Buddha’s speech produces divergent consequences for two parties: one experiences a beneficial outcome culminating in spiritual attainment, whereas the other develops resentment and hostility, resulting in a harmful consequence. The Buddha’s action is therefore presented as prioritizing the beneficial outcome for one party despite the adverse consequences experienced by the other. By contrast, the Abhaya Rājakumāra Sutta presents a principle of speech characterized by careful deliberation and restraint, in which the Buddha does not simply utter speech according to its potential benefit but considers whether it is appropriate and conducive to the welfare of those involved. This principle can further be understood through the concept of kosalla, referring to wisdom or skill in discerning the causes of prosperity and decline and knowing appropriate methods for addressing particular circumstances. When this principle is considered alongside the Ovāda Pātimokkha, which emphasizes the avoidance of wrongdoing, it becomes evident that preventing the emergence of harmful consequences is a fundamental ethical consideration in Buddhist teaching. Accordingly, even when a particular utterance may produce significant benefits for one individual, it should not be employed if it simultaneously generates a harmful consequence that could otherwise be avoided. The study therefore proposes that the Buddha’s speech, according to the principles established in the Pāli Canon, is characterized by a balanced assessment of both benefit and harm. When confronted with circumstances similar to those described in the Māgandiyā episode, the Buddha would refrain from speech that could generate a new harmful consequence, even if such speech could produce benefits for another party. Consequently, the form of verbal conduct attributed to the Buddha in the Dhammapada Commentary cannot be fully reconciled with the principles governing the Buddha’s speech as found in the Pāli Canon.