Journal of Dhamma for Life

Analyzing the Beliefs in the Bai Sri Su Kwan Ceremony According to Ethics

Phramaha Niti Thiradhammo — 2026-07-17

This academic article aims to analyze the beliefs embodied in the Bai Sri Su Kwan (traditional Thai spirit-calling ceremony) from an ethical perspective in order to explain the relationship between folk beliefs and ethical principles within the context of Thai society. The study employs documentary research, drawing upon the Tipiṭaka, commentaries, ritual manuals, academic publications, and other relevant sources. The collected data were synthesized and analyzed using content analysis.

The findings reveal that the Bai Sri Su Kwan ceremony is not merely a ritual for auspiciousness or the restoration of one's spirit according to traditional folk beliefs, but also a cultural system that reflects a wide range of ethical values. These include gratitude, compassion, social harmony, respect for seniority, heedfulness, and social responsibility. Furthermore, the ceremony functions as a mechanism for psychological healing, strengthening morale, and fostering relationships among individuals, families, and communities. These functions are consistent with Buddhist ethics, which emphasize the holistic development of human behavior, mental well-being, and wisdom. This article proposes that the Bai Sri Su Kwan ceremony can be understood as a "cultural ethical system" that integrates indigenous folk beliefs with the principles of Buddhist ethics. Consequently, the ritual should be recognized not only as an element of cultural heritage but also as a means of transmitting moral values, strengthening community cohesion, and preserving social values in contemporary Thai society. It may therefore serve as an appropriate framework for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage while simultaneously promoting the ethical development of Thai society.

Conceptual Framework for Democratic Education Based on Buddhist Principles to Develop Quality Citizens

Phrakhru Phichitthammapakhun — 2026-07-03

This academic article aims to critically examine the concept of democracy within the framework of Buddhist principles through a qualitative documentary analysis. The study synthesizes and interprets primary sources from the Tipitaka, relevant commentaries, and contemporary scholarly works in political science and Buddhist philosophy. The findings indicate that Buddhism embodies normative principles congruent with democratic values, including freedom of thought, equality, participatory engagement, majority decision-making, and the doctrine of dhammacracy. These principles are systematically articulated in the Vinaya Pitaka and the Suttanta Pitaka, most notably in the procedures of Sanghakamma, which exemplify collective deliberation and consensual governance. The article proposes an integrative conceptual framework in which democratic principles, when harmonized with Buddhist ethical foundations, generate a robust moral and value-based orientation for educational development. This foundation is operationalized through democratic learning processes that emphasize active participation, rational inquiry, and respect for pluralism. The anticipated outcomes include the cultivation of quality citizenship characterized by public consciousness, moral integrity, and sustained social responsibility. The study contributes to the discourse on value-based democratic education by demonstrating the relevance of Buddhist thought to contemporary civic and educational paradigms.

The Approaches for the Operations of Modern Hospitals

Yongyuth Mayalarp — 2026-07-03

In an era where healthcare systems face growing challenges from technological advancement, demographic shifts, and increasingly complex consumer behaviors, hospital management must transform from traditional administrative models toward modern management approaches that emphasize efficiency, sustainability, and quality of patient care. This study aims to analyze modern hospital management approaches by applying the concepts of Innovative Management, Participatory Management, and Digital Transformation to enhance service processes and internal support systems within hospitals.

The findings reveal that modern hospital management should focus on five key dimensions: (1) defining and directing organizational operations (2) developing strategic perspectives on hospital operations (3) managing facilities (4) improving patient care processes and (5) managing financial and resource systems. The results indicate that modern hospital management must be a systematic process integrating technology, management practices, and human resource development to create value for patients and ensure long-term organizational sustainability. The knowledge gained from this study can serve as a policy and strategic guideline for hospital administrators to develop their organizations into “Smart Hospitals”, characterized by operational efficiency and responsiveness to the future challenges of Thailand’s healthcare system.

Development Of a Management Model for Enhancing the Quality Education Toward Sustainable Development of Vocational Colleges in Yunnan Province, China

Zhao Yunpeng — 2026-06-29

This research aimed to develop a sustainable development model for enhancing the quality of vocational education in Yunnan Province, China. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The quantitative phase involved 514 vocational education teachers selected as the study sample, while the qualitative phase consisted of a focus group discussion with nine experts to validate and refine the proposed model. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a focus group protocol. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified), whereas qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis to support the development of the model.

The findings revealed that the current state of sustainable development in vocational education was at a moderate level, whereas the desirable state was at a high level. The Modified Priority Needs Index indicated that all three dimensions of sustainable development required further improvement, with the highest priority assigned to economic sustainability, followed by social sustainability and environmental sustainability. Based on these findings, a sustainable development model for enhancing the quality of vocational education was developed. The model comprises four interrelated components: (1) the model title, (2) the principles, concepts, and objectives of the model, (3) the key components of the model, and (4) implementation guidelines. The model was subsequently evaluated by experts and found to demonstrate high levels of suitability and feasibility for application in vocational education institutions. The proposed model provides practical guidance for promoting sustainable development and improving the quality of vocational education in Yunnan Province.

Level of Innovative Leadership among Clothing and Dress Design Students at Guangxi Economic and Trade Vocational Institute, China

Jiang Wanqing — 2026-06-29

Innovative leadership has become an essential competency for students in creative and design-oriented disciplines in response to rapid technological advancement and industry transformation. In the context of vocational fashion education, cultivating students’ creativity, collaborative competence, and strategic thinking is increasingly important for preparing them for dynamic professional environments. This study aims to examine the level of innovative leadership among Clothing and Dress Design students at Guangxi Economic and Trade Vocational Institute, China.

The research focuses on four dimensions of innovative leadership: creative thinking, problem-solving and decision-making ability, teamwork and leadership, and innovation awareness with future trend insight. A descriptive research design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection. The findings indicate that the development of innovative leadership among students requires further enhancement across several dimensions, particularly in strengthening innovation awareness and collaborative learning experiences. The study highlights the importance of integrating creativity-oriented pedagogy, project-based learning, and industry-related knowledge into vocational fashion design education. The results provide practical implications for curriculum development, instructional improvement, and the cultivation of innovation-oriented talents in vocational education.

The Mechanisms of Influencing Consumer Perceived Value in New-Style Tea Beverages from a Brand Alliance Perspective

Li Wang — 2026-06-29

Brand co-branding has become an increasingly important marketing strategy in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, particularly in experiential product categories such as new-style tea beverages. Despite its widespread adoption, limited research has systematically examined how multiple dimensions of consumer perceived value contribute to overall value perceptions in co-branded FMCG products. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) describe the demographic characteristics of consumers and examine differences in perceived value across demographic groups, (2) investigate the effects of functional, emotional, and social value on overall consumer perceived value, and (3) examine the value formation mechanism underlying these three value dimensions in co-branded new-style tea beverages, with particular attention to their antecedent factors. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 502 consumers who had prior experience purchasing co-branded new-style tea beverages. The questionnaire served as the primary research instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize demographic characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships among constructs.

The findings revealed that functional value, emotional value, and social value all exert significant positive effects on consumer perceived value. Functional value emerged as the strongest determinant, serving as the primary basis for consumer evaluation, while emotional and social value provided complementary contributions that enhanced overall value perceptions. These findings enrich the literature on co-branding and consumption values by clarifying the distinct roles of multiple value dimensions in FMCG brand alliances and provide practical guidance for developing effective co-branding strategies that integrate functional quality, emotional engagement, and social appeal in experiential consumption markets.

Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment of Sales Employees in the Central Region a Case Study of a Private Company

Pronpreeya Chaingoen — 2026-06-29

This research aims to study the factors affecting organizational commitment among sales employees in the central region, using a case study of a private company. This study is quantitative research, employing a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Data were collected from a sample of 140 sales employees out of a total population of 215, all of whom are actively working in the central region. The key procedures include (1) reviewing related literature and research to establish a conceptual framework of factors that may influence organizational commitment, including personal factors, job characteristics, and work experience (2) developing the questionnaire based on the research framework and (3) collecting data from sales employees in the central region of the selected private company. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire that had been validated for content validity.
The research findings revealed that 1) The overall levels of opinions regarding job characteristics factors, work experience factors, and organizational commitment were at a high to very high level. Organizational commitment had a mean score of 4.52. 2) The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that job characteristics factors and work experience factors together explained 51.6% of the variance in organizational commitment (R² = .516), and the model was statistically significant (F = 73.149, Sig. = .000). When considering each variable individually, work experience factors had a statistically significant influence on organizational commitment (β = .680, Sig. = .000), whereas job characteristics factors were not found to have a statistically significant influence.

Marketing Communication for Developing Traditional Chinese Elements of Animation Movies in Digital Age

Ju Wencong — 2026-06-29

This study aims to: (1) explore marketing communication strategies that enhance the effectiveness of promoting Chinese traditional element animated films; (2) examine the role of these films in supporting the sustainable development of China's animation industry; and (3) develop a marketing communication framework for Chinese traditional element animated films in the digital age. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative phase consisted of a comprehensive literature review, five representative case studies, and in-depth interviews with eight experts, including animation directors, producers, screenwriters, university scholars, and marketing specialists. The quantitative phase involved a questionnaire survey of 400 valid respondents, selected through random sampling from audiences attending major cinemas in Beijing. The research instrument was developed based on established questionnaire design principles and validated through expert review, pilot testing, and post-test reliability assessment. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS.

The findings indicate that digital communication platforms, including social media, online streaming services, and interactive digital marketing, significantly enhance audience engagement, cultural dissemination, and brand recognition of Chinese traditional element animated films. Furthermore, integrating traditional Chinese cultural elements with innovative digital marketing strategies improves audience acceptance, expands international market reach, and supports the sustainable development of China's animation industry. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated marketing communication framework that offers practical guidance for filmmakers, marketers, and policymakers to strengthen cultural communication, enhance industry competitiveness, and promote the long-term sustainability of Chinese traditional animation in the digital era.

The Model of Crisis Management Affecting the Operations of Modern Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas

Yongyuth Mayalarp — 2026-07-02

This research aims to: 1) examine the confirmatory components of crisis management, organizational resilience, and hospital performance in modern hospitals in Bangkok; and 2) analyze the causal relationships among crisis management, organizational resilience, and hospital performance in modern hospitals in Bangkok. The target population consisted of 118,743 personnel working in public and private hospitals. A sample of 400 respondents was determined using Yamane’s formula at a 95% confidence level, and multi-stage sampling was employed. The research instrument was a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, covering crisis management (30 items), organizational resilience (15 items), and hospital performance (25 items). The instrument demonstrated content validity (IOC = 0.67–1.00) and high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.93). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The findings revealed that: (1) the measurement model showed an excellent fit to the empirical data (CFI ≥ 0.997, RMSEA ≤ 0.019), and all variables had factor loadings meeting the standard criteria; and (2) the structural model demonstrated a good fit (χ²/df = 1.035, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.013). Crisis management had a direct positive effect on organizational resilience (β = 0.872); organizational resilience had a direct positive effect on hospital performance (HOP) (β = 0.823); and crisis management had a direct positive effect on hospital performance (β = 0.351). Additionally, organizational resilience also acted as a mediating variable between crisis management and hospital performance in modern hospitals (β = 0.717) with statistical significance.

Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Affecting Employment Decisions for People with Visual Impairments in Bangkok and Its Vicinity

Mahesak Wongnok — 2026-07-03

This study aims to (1) examine organizational perspectives on modern management practices, workplace accessibility and facilities, perceptions toward visually impaired employees, and hiring decisions regarding visually impaired individuals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region; (2) validate the construct validity of these latent variables using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); (3) analyze causal relationships and path effects among variables, with employee perception as a mediating variable; and (4) propose policy and practical guidelines to enhance sustainable employment opportunities for visually impaired individuals. A quantitative research design was employed. The sample consisted of 350 executives or human resource (HR) personnel with hiring authority in private sector organizations, selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire with established validity and reliability. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, namely CFA and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The findings revealed that (1) respondents reported high levels of agreement across all variables, indicating strong organizational awareness of inclusive management and disability employment support; (2) the measurement model demonstrated good fit to empirical data, with factor loadings and model fit indices meeting acceptable criteria; (3) modern organizational management and workplace accessibility had significant direct effects on employee perceptions, which in turn exerted the strongest direct effect on hiring decisions. Additionally, both factors had significant indirect effects on hiring decisions through the mediating variable; and (4) policy implications should be integrated across three levels: macro (government policy), organizational (management systems and accessible technologies), and individual (enhancing self-efficacy and career advancement), to promote sustainable employment of visually impaired individuals in urban contexts.

Skills Of Administrator That Affect Academic Administration in Educational Institutions of Bangkok Area in South Krungthon Group

Hiran Rayabsri — 2026-07-03

This study aimed to (1) examine the levels of school administrators’ managerial skills, (2) investigate the level of academic administration in schools, and (3) identify the managerial skills that significantly influence academic administration in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, South Thonburi Group. A quantitative research design was employed. The sample consisted of 40 schools, with six respondents selected from each school, including one school administrator, one deputy administrator or assistant responsible for academic affairs, and four teachers, yielding a total of 240 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used to analyze the data, while Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to examine the predictive effects of administrators’ managerial skills on academic administration.
The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of school administrators’ managerial skills was at the highest level. Among the four dimensions, cognitive skills demonstrated the highest mean score, followed by human skills, technical skills, and conceptual skills, respectively. (2) The overall level of academic administration was also at the highest level across all dimensions. Curriculum development received the highest mean score, followed by educational quality assurance, instructional management, assessment and evaluation including credit transfer, and educational supervision. (3) Cognitive skills, human skills, and technical skills significantly predicted academic administration at the .01 level of significance, jointly explaining 65.8% of the variance (R² = .658). In contrast, conceptual skills did not significantly predict academic administration. These findings suggest that strengthening school administrators’ cognitive, interpersonal, and technical competencies can substantially enhance the effectiveness of academic administration in schools.

The Impact of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Project Success in the Construction Industry in Nepal: The Mediating Role of Team Collaboration

Roman Man Shrestha — 2026-07-07

This study aims to (1) examine the relationships among leadership style, organizational culture, team collaboration, and project success in the Nepalese construction industry; (2) analyze the mediating role of team collaboration in the relationship between leadership style and project success; and (3) investigate the mediating role of team collaboration in the relationship between organizational culture and project success. A quantitative research design was employed to test the proposed conceptual framework. Data were collected from 364 respondents, including project managers, engineers, and team leaders, using purposive sampling. Prior to the main survey, a pilot study involving 30 construction business owners and managers was conducted to assess the validity of the research instrument. Content validity was established using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) evaluated by three experts. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive statistics and reliability testing, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS was used to examine the hypothesized relationships and mediation effects.

The findings indicate that leadership style and organizational culture have significant positive effects on project success. Furthermore, team collaboration significantly mediates the relationships between leadership style and project success as well as between organizational culture and project success. These results provide empirical evidence highlighting the critical role of effective leadership, a supportive organizational culture, and collaborative teamwork in enhancing project performance. The study contributes to the project management literature by extending the understanding of leadership and organizational dynamics in construction projects and offers practical implications for improving project outcomes in the Nepalese construction industry.

An Analytical Study of Sangha’s Affair Administration of the Sangha Administrator in Phuket Province Sangha Administrativeregions (Dhammayut)

Veerachai Veerachayo khajonsuwan — 2026-07-13

This Research, entitled “An Analytical Study of Sangha’s Affair Administration of the Sangha Administrator in Phuket Province Sangha Administrative Regions (Dhammayut)”, pursues three primary objectives: 1. to examine the concepts and theories of administration. 2. to investigate the administration of sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut). 3. to analyze the administration of Sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut). The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, employing documentary qualitative research and in-depth interviews as its principal methods of data collection. The data obtained were systematically analyzed and synthesized, and the results are presented in a descriptive form to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
The results of research were found that: The fundamental administration theory encompasses five essential functions: Planning, which refers to the formulation of strategies and directions; Organizing, which involves the establishment of organizational structures; Staffing, which pertains to the recruitment and development of personnel; Directing, which denotes leadership and guidance; and controlling, which emphasizes quality assurance and oversight. Collectively, these functions are abbreviated in English as POSDC. Sangha affairs in the Sangha administrative area of Phuket Province (Dhammayut), the administration of sangha affairs is carried out across six principal domains: governance, education, educational welfare, propagation, public utilities, and social welfare. The driving force behind these activities is the faith of Buddhist devotees, which sustains the collective effort to preserve and promote Buddhism, while ensuring the continuity of religious successors to uphold the teachings of the Buddha.
An analysis of the administration in these six domains reveals that all activities are conducted within the framework of Buddhist faith and monastic discipline. When linked to the POSDC management theory, it becomes evident that planning defines the direction of religious development, organizing establishes clear systems of operation, staffing focuses on recruiting and cultivating future monastic leaders, directing embodies leadership in the propagation of the Dhamma, and controlling ensures the quality of public utilities and social welfare initiatives. This synthesis demonstrates that Sangha administration is not merely structural management, but rather a dynamic integration of modern management principles with religious values, thereby ensuring the effective and sustainable preservation of Buddhism.

Traditional Chinese Culture Communication by Animation Film: Monkey King Hero Is Back

Song Jiawei — 2026-07-13

This study aims to: (1) explore the representation of traditional Chinese cultural contexts in animation; (2) examine storytelling strategies used to communicate traditional Chinese culture; and (3) identify development approaches for promoting traditional Chinese culture through animation. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to audiences to evaluate perceptions of cultural communication through the film. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, including academics, animation industry professionals, and audience representatives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, and interpretive analysis, while methodological triangulation was applied to enhance the validity and reliability of the findings.

The results indicate that animated films effectively construct cultural contexts by integrating visual symbols, sound, narrative, and traditional spiritual values. Overall, 62% of respondents evaluated animation as an effective or excellent medium for promoting traditional culture. Audiovisual cultural presentation received a mean score of 3.29, while respondents' perceived ability to explain cultural characteristics improved after viewing (Mean = 3.22). Nevertheless, emotional engagement remained comparatively moderate (Mean = 3.19), suggesting that cognitive understanding exceeded emotional internalization. Qualitative findings further revealed that narrative adaptation, particularly the humanization of the Monkey King and the integration of contemporary animation technology with traditional aesthetics, significantly enhanced audience engagement. The study concludes that successful cultural communication through animation depends on the integration of authentic cultural representation, narrative innovation, and technological advancement to achieve sustainable cultural dissemination in both domestic and global contexts.

Desirable Characteristics of Administrators of Special Education Centers Under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1

Natthakan Kawintanutchot — 2026-07-13

The objectives of this research were to 1) examine the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1, 2) compare these desirable characteristics as perceived by teachers, classified by age, educational level, and work experience and 3) the guidelines for developing the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. This study employed a mixed-methods research design comprising quantitative and qualitative phases. In the quantitative phase, the research samples were 260 teachers from Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. The instrument for data collection was a set of questionnaires. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the qualitative phase, the research samples were five educational institution administrators. The instrument for data collection was a set of structured interviews, and data analysis used content analysis.

The results revealed that the overall desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1 were at a high level. When considered by dimension, all dimensions were rated at a high level, ranked from highest to lowest mean as follows: personality, morality and ethics, vision, knowledge and competence, human relations, and leadership. The results of hypothesis testing indicated that teachers with different age groups, educational levels, and work experience did not exhibit statistically significant differences in their perceptions of the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Special Education Bureau, Group 1. Guidelines for developing the desirable characteristics of administrators of Special Education Centers under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 1 consist of six aspects: knowledge and competence, leadership, human relations, personality, morality and ethics, and vision.

Service Marketing Mix Factors Influencing Home Inspection Service Purchase Decisions in Bangkok Metropolitan and Pathum Thani

Apipat Bussayabuntoon — 2026-07-14

This research aims to study 1) the demographic factors of consumers affecting the decision to purchase home inspection services, and 2) the importance of Service Marketing Mix (8P's) factors influencing the decision to purchase home inspection services in Bangkok and Pathum Thani. This study employed a quantitative research design using questionnaires as the data collection instrument. Data were collected from 168 respondents through both online and offline methods during November 2025 to January 2026. The instrument achieved a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.910, indicating very high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics independent-samples t-test one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc analysis.

The results revealed that: 1) Demographic factors including gender, age, occupation, experience, marital status, and location showed statistically significant differences in purchasing decisions, while education level and monthly income did not show significant differences. 2) The overall Service Marketing Mix score was at the highest level (M= 4.53). When ranked by importance, Productivity & Quality ranked first (4.85), followed by People (4.76), Product/Service (4.73), Process (4.54), Price (4.45), Physical Evidence (4.42), Place (4.41), and Promotion (4.06) respectively.

The Protection of a Temple’S Rights as a Transferee of Ownership in Immovable Property Acquired by Adverse Possession

Phrakruworadhammawathi Chandawuttho Raklaemthong — 2026-07-14

This research article aims to 1) study the process of acquiring ownership of property and the protection of the rights of transferees, 2) study the concepts and theories related to the protection of rights of transferees acquiring property from adverse possession, 3) study the problems and causes regarding the protection of rights of transferees of property acquired through adverse possession, and 4) propose guidelines for improving relevant laws and regulations to provide appropriate and fair protection for good-faith transferees who acquire immovable property derived from adverse possession for valuable consideration.

The research results reveal that acquiring ownership through adverse possession is an acquisition by operation of law. Possessors must petition the court for an inquiry and a certifying order before land registration. Although the Civil and Commercial Code contains provisions protecting good-faith transferees in several scenarios, it does not cover cases of transfers derived from adverse possession. The problem arises when the court subsequently revokes irregular judicial proceedings, rendering the ownership order void and the land registration revoked. Consequently, a temple, acting as a juristic person purchasing land in good faith for religious purposes, loses ownership based on the principle that a transferee has no better right than a transferor. The researcher proposes amending the Civil and Commercial Code by adding Section 1332/1 to close this legal loophole and fairly protect the rights of good-faith transferees who acquire land from adverse possession for valuable consideration.

Comparative Analysis of the Law on Criminal Mediation With The Mediation Process of Monks

Phra Sane Patipano — 2026-07-14

This research article aims to 1. To study the concepts, theories, and laws related to criminal mediation and the mediation process of monks. 2. To study the laws related to mediation in criminal cases and the mediation process of monks. 3. To study, analyze, and compare the mediation of criminal cases with the mediation process of monks. 4. To find ways to improve and develop laws related to criminal mediation and the mediation process of monks to be appropriate according to legal concepts, theories, and practices. This study adopted a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through documentary research, including statutes, regulations, ecclesiastical laws, Buddhist disciplinary rules (Vinaya), academic literature, previous studies, and relevant judicial decisions. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants comprising legal scholars, Buddhist scholars, monks responsible for ecclesiastical dispute resolution, and experts in mediation. A semi-structured interview protocol was employed as the research instrument, and the collected data were analyzed using content analysis.

The research results showed that: 1. Problems in the mediation process of the monastic community: Currently, there is a lack of clear standards and procedures for resolving disputes. There is a lack of personnel with specialized expertise, as well as a lack of a legal mechanism that is mandatory to accept concrete mediation results. 2. Principles and Theories of Integrated Mediation: Mediation is a voluntary, alternative justice process. It maintains relationships by transitioning from Competitive Theory to Problem-Solving Theory and Conflict Theory to manage conflicts and bring about positive changes. 3. In terms of the potential of mediators: The monks who are in charge of resolving monastic offenses should be encouraged to be proficient in both civil law and the Vinaya (Book of Discipline), based on the principles of Adhikaraṇasamatha as the foundation, applied with mediation skills to be in line with the current social context. 4. Preparation of standards and supporting structures: A standard operating procedure (SOP) with clear procedures should be prepared, and a committee of qualified mediators should be appointed. 5. The proactive role of support agencies: The National Office of Buddhism should be the core of promoting knowledge, develop a mediator training course, and coordinate integration with judicial authorities to maximize the effectiveness of dispute resolution and mediation in the clergy.

Developing the New Training Model of Chinese Musical Singing

Xiang yu Li — 2026-07-14

This research aims to examine the standards and key components of high-quality Chinese musical singing, analyze existing training approaches and their limitations, and develop a new training model for Chinese musical singing by integrating the Linklater voice training method, Speech Level Singing, and K-pop singing techniques. A qualitative research design combined with classroom action research was employed. Participants included contemporary pop singing students, professional musical theatre performers, and vocal instructors. Research instruments consisted of in-depth interviews, performance observations, and pre- and post-training assessments.

The findings reveal that high-quality Chinese musical performance requires the integration of three core dimensions: vocal technique, emotional expression, and theatrical performance. The study also indicates that current training practices tend to be fragmented, focusing primarily on isolated vocal techniques, which leads to vocal instability and difficulties in integrating singing with acting. The newly developed training model demonstrates significant improvement in vocal control, emotional communication, and stage performance. Participants showed reduced vocal tension, smoother register transitions, and increased confidence during performance. Overall, the results suggest that a situational and integrative training approach, combining multiple vocal training systems, effectively enhances the holistic singing and performance abilities of Chinese musical theatre performers. This model provides both practical and theoretical contributions to musical theatre education in China and supports the development of context-sensitive training frameworks for contemporary musical performance.