A Study of Architectural Styles and Elements of Mon Ordination Halls (Ubosot): A Case Study of the Mon Community in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi Province

Abstract

This research aims to study the architectural forms of Mon ubosots (ordination halls) in the Mon communities of Pak Kret District. The objectives are to analyze their architectural elements and forms and to examine their characteristics according to building periods. The study classifies ubosots chronologically and reveals changes in forms, elements, and reconstruction over time. The results show the development of Mon ubosot architecture from the Sukhothai period to the Rattanakosin period. Ubosots of the Sukhothai period are characterized by Rong-Style building, swan poles, and Centipede flags. During the Ayutthaya period, ancient Mon traditions are reflected in the Maha Utt entrance and the increasing prevalence of the Dutch-style. Three architectural types are identified: the Rong-Style building, the Dutch-style, and the verandah type with a Chanthap roof. In the Thonburi period, the Dutch-style became dominant, while traditional elements such as porticoes, swan poles, Centipede flags, boundary stones, and Mon inscriptions remained evident. In the Rattanakosin period, all ubosots were constructed in the Dutch-style, whereas rectangular hall forms, verandah types, and Maha Utt entrances disappeared. Mural paintings gradually vanished, while star-patterned ceiling decorations became more elaborate. Renovations and the use of modern materials and colors have continued into the present, reflecting the evolution of Mon ubosot architecture according to the construction periods of temples in the study area.