Southeast Asia’s Carbon Credit Development From Carbon Colonialism to Carbon Sovereignty From Carbon Colonialism to Carbon Sovereignty

บทคัดย่อ

Southeast Asia plays a pivotal role in the global carbon credit market, contributing significantly through mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and REDD+ projects. However, these contributions have often been characterized by "carbon colonialism," where foreign entities dominate carbon credit projects, limiting economic benefits for local communities. Countries like Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand are now transitioning toward "carbon sovereignty," seeking greater control over their carbon markets.

            This paper explores the historical evolution of Southeast Asia’s carbon credit development, highlighting the shift from passive credit suppliers to active market participants. Vietnam is establishing a national carbon trading system by 2027, Malaysia is leveraging its voluntary carbon market, Indonesia is strengthening its I-CER mechanism, and Thailand is expanding its T-VER program. These efforts are aimed at enhancing transparency, ensuring fair economic returns, and fostering regional cooperation to maximize benefits from carbon trading.  A case study on Indonesia’s revocation of the Rimba Raya carbon offset project illustrates the region's efforts to reclaim sovereignty over carbon resources. By asserting control over their carbon markets, Southeast Asian nations are positioning themselves as leaders in sustainable development and climate action. This shift not only strengthens their economic resilience but also contributes to global emissions reduction goals.