Blockchain Adoption in Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review of SMEs in ASEAN
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Abstract
This research aims to systematically review the literature on blockchain technology adoption in food supply chains of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the ASEAN region. Fifty peer-reviewed articles were identified and analyzed from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period 2021–2026, through a PRISMA-guided screening process. The findings reveal that blockchain technology significantly enhances food supply chain performance across three principal dimensions: transparency, traceability, and operational efficiency. Top management support, organizational readiness, and digital infrastructure are identified as critical determinants of technology adoption among food SMEs. The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) emerge as the predominant theoretical frameworks in the extant literature. This study proposes an integrative conceptual framework and offers practical implications for SMEs operating in ASEAN's food industry.
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