On Egalitarianism

Abstract

         This academic article aims to study the concept of 'equality' in both theoretical and practical terms, covering its meaning, philosophical basis, political, economic, social and legal theories, types of equality, and considering the current situation in Thailand and approaches for solving inequality problems at the policy level, using document analysis as the main focus. The results of the study found that the terms "fairness" and "equality" are used as if they are the same meaning. While some people translate the word “Fairness” as the practice that takes into account individual differences in order to provide "fair" opportunities or outcomes, and "Equality" as treating everyone in the same manner, regardless of individual differences. While the others translate them interchangeably. It can be said that the principle of equality and non-discrimination, which are the core concepts of human rights, are universally accepted. Even Thailand clearly recognizes the principle of equality and non-discrimination in the current constitution law B.E.2560 (2017). Idealistic equality is an important goal of a democratic society. However, Thai society still faces structural inequality, abuse of state power and a gap between the law and equal enforcement, which remain important issues for the sustainable development of democracy in Thailand. New knowledge gained from the study will be useful for the government, government agencies, independent organizations, and civil society to use in policy formulating and planning to reduce existing inequalities and increase equality for people at both the national and local levels.