A SURVEY OF THAI VOLLEYBALL FANS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE FIVB VOLLEYBALL WOMEN’S WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP ORGANIZED UNDER THE GREEN HEART EVENT CRITERIA TOWARDS A CARBON-NEUTRAL EVENT
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Abstract
This study aimed to (1) examine the level of perception among Thai volleyball fans regarding the organization of the 2025 FIVB Women’s Volleyball World Championship in accordance with the Green Heart Event Criteria and (2) compare their levels of perception according to personal factors. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed. The sample consisted of 455 Thai volleyball fans who had attended the 2025 FIVB Women’s Volleyball World Championship, selected through accidental sampling. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire covering four components: venue management for sporting events, environmental impact management, opportunities for local community participation, and cultural impact management. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent-samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that Thai volleyball fans had a high overall level of perception regarding the organization of the competition in accordance with the Green Heart Event Criteria, with a mean of 4.09. The component with the highest mean was opportunities for local community participation, with a mean of 4.17, followed by environmental impact management, with a mean of 4.13. The comparative analysis showed that the overall levels of perception did not differ significantly according to gender, age, educational level, or experience in attending volleyball competitions, with statistical significance values greater than .05. The findings indicate that Thai volleyball fans had positive perceptions of the implementation of the Green Heart Event Criteria. These findings can serve as supporting information for planning and developing international sporting events in Thailand in alignment with sustainable sporting event management practices and the transition toward carbon-neutral events.
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