การท้าทายวาทกรรมความเป็นสากลของการบูรณาการประเด็นเพศภาวะเข้าสู่กระแสหลักขององค์กรเพื่อการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศของสหรัฐฯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61462/cujss.v49i1.741คำสำคัญ:
การบูรณาการประเด็นเพศภาวะเข้าสู่กระแสหลัก, ความเป็นสากล, เพศภาวะ, ลัคนาภาวะ, องค์กรเพื่อการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศของสหรัฐฯบทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้มุ่งตั้งคำถามและท้าทายวาทกรรมความเป็นสากลของ “การบูรณาการประเด็นเพศภาวะเข้าสู่กระแสหลัก” (gender mainstreaming) อันเป็นปฏิบัติและนโยบายที่สำคัญในการบรรลุความเท่าเทียมทางเพศภาวะขององค์กรเพื่อการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศของสหรัฐฯ (USAID) โดยใช้ทฤษฎี “ลัคนาภาวะ” หรือ “สภาวะทับซ้อน” (intersectionality) ในการบ่งชี้ว่า วาทกรรมดังกล่าวมิได้มีความเป็นสากล เนื่องด้วยปัจจัยที่สำคัญ 3 ประการ อันได้แก่ ประการแรก การให้ความสำคัญเพียงแค่ “เพศภาวะ” โดยลำพังอาจไม่เพียงพอต่อการทำความเข้าใจและแก้ไขปัญหาความไม่เท่าเทียมทางเพศภาวะในแต่ละสังคม เพราะเพศภาวะมิอาจแยกขาดจากคุณลักษณะทางสังคมอื่น ๆ ได้ ประการที่สอง คุณลักษณะทางสังคมหรือหน่วยเชิงอัตลักษณ์ทางสังคมที่เรียกว่า “เพศภาวะ” ซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบพื้นฐานของวาทกรรมดังกล่าวไร้ซึ่งเอกภาพ และประการที่สาม “เพศภาวะ” มิใช่คุณลักษณะทางสังคมที่มีความเป็นสากล ฉะนั้น “การบูรณาการประเด็นเพศภาวะเข้าสู่กระแสหลัก” จึงควรเปลี่ยนแปลงแนวทางเดิมไปสู่ “การบูรณาการประเด็นเพศภาวะที่ทับซ้อนเข้าสู่กระแสหลัก” (intersectional gender mainstreaming)
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