ก้าวแรกของจีนในลาตินอเมริกา: การสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับคิวบา และจุดเริ่มต้นของความขัดแย้งในทศวรรษ 1960
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61462/cujss.v49i1.742คำสำคัญ:
จีน, คิวบา, ความขัดแย้งจีน-โซเวียต, ฟิเดล คาสโตร, เหมาเจ๋อตงบทคัดย่อ
บทความวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาปัจจัยที่ทำให้จีนสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับคิวบาเมื่อ ค.ศ. 1960 และปัจจัยที่ทำให้ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสองฝ่ายเสื่อมลงอย่างรวดเร็วภายในเวลาไม่กี่ปี โดยอาศัยข้อมูลจากสิ่งพิมพ์ของทางการจีนและบันทึกความทรงจำของนักการทูตจีนที่เกี่ยวข้อง ผลการวิจัยพบว่า แม้เหมาเจ๋อตงจะไม่แน่ใจเกี่ยวกับการปฏิวัติของ ฟิเดล คาสโตร เมื่อ ค.ศ. 1959 ว่าจะนำคิวบาไปสู่เส้นทางของลัทธิสังคมนิยมหรือไม่แต่อย่างน้อยจุดยืนของคาสโตรที่ต่อต้านอิทธิพลของสหรัฐอเมริกาทำให้เหมายอมมีความสัมพันธ์กับรัฐบาลปฏิวัติของคิวบาเพื่อให้จีนมีฐานที่มั่นทางการทูตแห่งแรกในซีกโลกตะวันตก โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในลาตินอเมริกาซึ่งเปรียบเสมือนสนามหลังบ้านของสหรัฐฯ อย่างไรก็ตาม ความขัดแย้งระหว่างจีนกับสหภาพโซเวียต ประกอบกับการเมืองภายในของจีนที่รุนแรงขึ้นทำให้เมื่อถึงกลางทศวรรษ 1960 คาสโตรเลือกเข้าข้างสหภาพโซเวียต จีนจึงยุติความสัมพันธ์ในระดับพรรคต่อพรรคกับคิวบาเมื่อ ค.ศ. 1966
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