Factors Affecting the Application of Policies to Promote Multiculturalism in ASEAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61462/cujss.v46i1.1192Keywords:
multiculturalism, spirit of ASEAN school, perception, urban school, rural schoolAbstract
This article aims to study the application of multicultural policies in schools under the Spirit of ASEAN Project launched by The office of the Basic Education Commission and the factors affecting the promotion of multiculturalism in schools. It then proposes some guidelines for promoting ASEAN multiculturalism through school administrators, instructors, students and guardians/communities.
According to the findings, the schools under the Spirit of ASEAN Project were equipped with knowledge, awareness and understanding about the promotion of multiculturalism through ASEAN curriculum, the teaching of foreign languages, and other teaching and learning activities. They created a network with other schools in ASEAN and set up the ASEAN Center in their schools. The factors affecting the promotion of multiculturalism consisted of awareness, attitudes and behavior of the participants: school administrators, instructors, students, and guardians/communities. The administrators, viewed as school management factor, were involved in determining policies facilitating multiculturalism while the instructors, viewed as teaching and learning factor, had to provide the students with the concepts of multiculturalism. The students, viewed as individual characteristic factor, were open-minded to embrace multiculturalism. The guardians/communities are viewed as involvement factor in school activities and policies. As for the guidelines for promoting ASEAN multiculturalism, they can be divided into two models: Urban Model and Rural Model. The former refers to the use of media and information technology to enhance multiculturalism because urban schools, whose communities comprise a diversity of races, religions and occupations, can readily gain access to those media while the latter refers to the use of cultural resources to enhance multiculturalism.
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