Green Criminology and Wildlife Trafficking in Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61462/cujss.v50i1.712Keywords:
Green Criminology, Wildlife, Trafficking, Crime, ThailandAbstract
Green Criminology is a concept developed by Michael Lynch in 1997. At that time the natural environment and resources in the world were being threatened heavily by humans. Green Criminology sought to assess the harm caused by environmental offences so as to come up with solutions for humans, wild animals, the environment and the ecosystem. Importantly, wildlife trafficking in Thailand has become a crime that damages the country. So, this study aimed to investigate whether Green Criminology could be applied to explain the wildlife trafficking situation in Thailand, and how? Documentary research and in-depth interviews of key informants who were involved in the prevention and suppression of wildlife trafficking were conducted. It was found that Green Criminology could explain the situation of wildlife trafficking in Thailand. Wildlife trafficking in Thailand has caused huge damage in three main dimensions of the weighing up harm approach in Green Criminology. These were humans and society, wildlife, the environment and the ecosystem.
Downloads
References
BBC. 2016. “Thailand Tiger Temple Operation 'Is Completed.” Accessed September 19, 2016. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36451512.
Brack, Duncan, and Gavin Hayman. 2002. International Environmental Crime: The Nature and Control of Environmental Black Markets. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Chatchapon Songsunthornwong. 2010. Manut Kap Singwaetlom. [Man and Nature]. 5th ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. (in Thai)
Cota-Larson, R. 2017. Khumue Kan Rabu Chanit Lin (Nim): Khrueangmue Kan Pramoen Yang Reo Samrap Ngan Phaksanam Lae Phakthruesadi: Khrueangmue Samrap Ngan Phak Sanam Lae Phakthruesadi Khomun Thi Chattriam Samrap Ongkan Phuea Kan Phatthana Rawang Prathet Khong Saharat-Amerika. [Guidebook of Pangolin (Nim) Identification: Quick Assessment Tools for Field Work and Theory, Tools for Fieldwork and Theory, and Data Provided for the United States International Development Organization]. Bangkok: USAID Wildlife Asia Activity. (in Thai)
Lynch, Michael J., and Paul B. Stretesky. 2014. Exploring Green Criminology: Toward a Green Criminological Revolution. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
Milliken, Tom, and Jo Shaw. 2012. The South Africa – Vietnam Rhino Horn Trade Nexus: a Deadly Combination of Institutional Lapses, Corrupt Wildlife Industry Professionals and Asian Crime Syndicates. Johannesburg: TRAFFIC.
Nanrapat Chaiakaraphong. 2019. “Environmental Crime: A Case Study of Wildlife Trafficking in Thailand.” PhD. diss., Criminology, Justice Administration and Society, Mahidol University.
Natnicha Donpanya. 2013. “Panha Gan Ka Satpa Nai Patjuban.” [Wildlife Trade at Present]. Accessed July 20, 2016. http://sd-group1.blogspot.com/2013/01/ 53241882.html. (in Thai)
Nijman, Vincent, and Chris Shepred. 2015. “Ongoing Trade in Illegally-Sourced Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles Highlight the Need for Legal Reform in Thailand.” The Siam Society 61(1): 3-6.
Pires, Stephen. F. 2015. “Introduction: Wildlife Crime.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 21(3): 299–302.
Ronasit Maneesai. 2014. “Sarup Yo Khrueakhai Kan Pongkan Lae Prappram Kan Kha Satpa Lae Phuetphan Thi Phit Kotmai Nai Phumiphak ASEAN ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network (ASEAN-WEN) Lae Khrueakhai Kan Pongkan Lae Prappram Kan Kha Satpa Lae Phuetphanpa Haeng Prathet Thai (Thailand Wildlife Enforcement Network (Thailand-WEN)).” [Summary of ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network (ASEAN-WEN) and Thailand Wildlife Enforcement Network (Thailand-WEN)]. Accessed August 20, 2016. http://www.dnp.go.th/thailand-wen/about_tw/pdf1/scan0021.pdf. (in Thai).
Royal Thai Police. 2019. Sathiti Khadi Tam Thang Khwamphit Tam Phraratchabanyat Sa-nguan Lae Khumkhrong Sat Pa Pho So 2535 Rawang Pi Pho So 2558-2561. [Statistics of Cases according to Offences under the Wild Animal Preservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535 (1992) between 2015-2018]. Bangkok: Royal Thai Police. (in Thai)
Shepherd, Chris. R, Jeet Sukumaran, and Serge A. Wich. 2004. Open Season: An Analysis of the Pet Trade in Medan, Sumatra 1997 – 2001. Selangor: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.
Suntariya Muanpawong. 2007. Khrongkan Phlakdan Nayobai Satharana Phuea Phatthana Kotmai Thi Kiaokap Krabuankan Yutitham Dan Singwaetlom. [Public Policy Advocacy Project: Environmental Law and Legal Procedures]. Bangkok: Rabi Bhadanasak Research and Development Institute. (in Thai)
Sutthisak Pattaramanawong. 2008. “Kan Mi Suanruam Khong Prachachon Kap Kan Raksa Khunnaphap Singwaetlom.” [Public Participation and Environmental Quality Protection]. Romphruek Journal 26(3): 124 – 143. (in Thai)
Tanya Chan-at. 2005. Khumue Chamnaek Satpa Phuea Ngan Pongkan Lae Prappram Kan Laklop Kha Satpa. [Wildlife Classification Guide for the Prevention and Suppression of Wildlife Trafficking]. Bangkok: Wildlife Conservation Society. (in Thai)
Thai Customs. 2018. Sathiti Kan Chapkum Kan Laklop Lae Likliang Sunlakakon Sueng Sinkha Thi Lamoet Anusanya Wa Duai Kan Kha Rawang Prathet Sueng Chanit Sat Pa Lae Phuet Pa Rawang Pi Ngoppraman Songpan Haroi Hasip Jet Thung Songpan Haroi Hoksip. [Statistics on Arrest, Smuggling, and Customs Evasion Regarding Products that Violate the Convention on International Trade in Species of Wild Animals and Wild Plants During the Fiscal Year 2014-2017]. Bangkok: Thai Customs. (in Thai)
Thailand. Department of National Park. Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 2019. Sathiti Khadi Kiaokap Satpa Tam Phraratchabanyat Sa-nguan Lae Khumkhrong Satpa Pho So Songpan Haroi Samsip Ha Rawang Pi Ngoppraman 2552-2562. [Statistics on Statutorily Protected Wildlife and Their Remains as Exhibited during the Fiscal Years 2009-2019]. Bangkok: Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Thailand. Forest Protection and Fire Control Office. n.d. “Pharakit Nathi.” [Mission]. Samnak Pongkan Prappram Lae Khuapkhum Fai Pa. [Forest Protection and Fire Control Office]. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://portal.dnp.go.th/Content/ProtectandFirecontrol?contentId=17927. (in Thai)
Thailand. Office of the National Environment Board. 1990. Cheewit Tee Gert Yoo Nai Pa [Life Born in the Forest]. Bangkok: Ministry of Science and Technology. (in Thai)
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 2017. “Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade, Focusing on Ivory, Rhino Horn, Tiger and Pangolin in Thailand.” Accessed October 20, 2016. https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/THA/PIMS5619_Thailand%20IWT_Prodoc%20_%207Nov2017_FINAL_with%20MPSA%20input_LF.DOC.
White, Rob. 2008. Crimes against Nature Environmental Criminology and Ecological Justice. London: Willan Publishing.
-----. 2010. “A Green Criminology Perspective.” In The SAGE Handbook of Criminological Theory, edited by Eugene McLaughlin and Tim Newburn. London: SAGE Publication.
World Bank. East Asia and Pacific Regional Office. Environment and Social Development Unit. 2005. Going, Going, Gone: The Illegal Trade in Wildlife in East and Southeast Asia. Washington, D.C.: Environment and Social Development Department, East Asia and Pacific Region, The World Bank. Accessed November 15, 2018. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPENVIRONMENT/Resources/going-going-gone.pdf.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)/Dalberg. 2012. Fighting Illicit Wildlife Trafficking a Consultation with Government. [London]: InnerWorkings.
Wyatt, Tanya. 2013. “The Security Implications of the Illegal Wildlife Trade.” CRIMSOC: The Journal of Social Criminology Special Issue(Autumn/Winter): 130–158.
Wyler, Liana. Sun, and Pervaze A. Sheikh. 2008. CSR Report for Congress International Illegal Trade in Wildlife: Threats and U.S. Policy. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Public Licensing Terms
Copyright and Licensing Policy
The Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science publishes all content under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Copyright
All published articles in the Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science are the copyright of the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University. Authors transfer all rights to the journal upon acceptance of their manuscript for publication.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License
Under this license:
-
Attribution (BY): Users must give appropriate credit to the authors, the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, and the Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. They may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
-
NonCommercial (NC): Users may not use the material for commercial purposes. Commercial use requires prior written permission from both the authors and the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University.
-
NoDerivatives (ND): If users remix, transform, or build upon the material, they may not distribute the modified material. Adaptations of the work require prior written permission from both the authors and the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University.
Open Access Statement
The Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, in accordance with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
Self-Archiving Policy
Authors may archive the final published version, preprints, or postprints of their articles in institutional repositories or on their personal websites, provided that they acknowledge the original publication in the Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science with a complete citation and a link to the journal's website.
Permissions
For any use beyond those covered by the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, please contact:
Editorial Office
Chulalongkorn University Journal of Social Science
Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University
Email: cusocscij@gmail.com
For more information about the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, please visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
