An Analytical Study of Health Based on Trisikkha in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Abstract

This research article aims to: 1) study concepts and theories concerning health, 2) study the principle of Trisikkha in Theravada Buddhist philosophy, and 3) analyze health based on Trisikkha in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. The study employs a qualitative documentary research methodology supplemented by in-depth interviews with 12 experts. Data were drawn from the Tipitaka, commentaries (Atthakatha), academic texts, and related research, then examined through content analysis and presented descriptively.

The findings reveal that: 1) Contemporary health concepts emphasize human completeness across physical, mental, social, and intellectual dimensions rather than the mere absence of disease, consistent with the World Health Organization’s definition and the views of Thai scholars; these four dimensions are not separate but mutually supportive and integrated as a whole. 2) Trisikkha-Sila (morality), Samadhi (concentration), and Panna (wisdom)-constitutes the essence of Buddhist philosophy aimed at holistic human development, in which Sila is the foundation of behavior and life discipline, Samadhi is a crucial mechanism for cultivating mental stability and tranquility, and Panna is the ultimate goal of understanding the truth of life and reducing attachment.        3) The analysis demonstrates that Trisikkha can be systematically integrated with the holistic we concept: Sila-sikkha serves as the foundation of physical and social health, Samadhi-sikkha functions as the mechanism of mental health, and Panna-sikkha is the core of intellectual health. The three components work together as a single cycle, with Sila as the foundation, Samadhi as the mechanism, and Panna as the goal. Therefore, Trisikkha is not merely a guideline for religious practice but an integrative conceptual framework that can be effectively applied to develop the health of individuals, communities, and contemporary society. It serves as an essential foundation for balanced human development characterized by virtue and sustainable happiness.