Integrating Theravada Buddhist Philosophy in Promoting Peace

Abstract

This study aimed to: 1) examine concepts and theories of peacebuilding; 2) investigate Theravada Buddhist principles suitable for peacebuilding; 3) integrate Theravada Buddhist philosophy into peacebuilding; and 4) propose new knowledge derived from this integration. This study employed a qualitative research approach combining documentary research with in-depth interviews. Fifteen key informants were purposively selected and divided into three groups of five: Buddhist scholars, experts in community-based mediation and dispute resolution, and representatives of individuals affected by participation in peacebuilding initiatives. The research instruments consisted of a documentary analysis form and a semi-structured interview guide. Content validity and alignment with the research objectives were examined. Data were analyzed using content analysis and interpretive analysis, while credibility was enhanced through comparison of documentary evidence and interview data. The findings were presented descriptively and analytically.

The findings revealed that: 1) contemporary peacebuilding concepts, including negative peace, positive peace, and conflict transformation theory, demonstrate that sustainable peace requires not only the cessation of violence but also social justice and the development of constructive social relationships; 2) the Theravada Buddhist principles most suitable for peacebuilding are the Four Bases of Social Solidarity (Sangahavatthu 4), the Four Prejudices (Agati 4), and the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihara 4), which promote mutual support, prevent bias, and cultivate mental qualities conducive to peaceful coexistence; 3) the integration of these principles provides a framework for peacebuilding at three levels: individual, social, and international; and 4) the principal contribution of this study is the RUSH Model (Right Understanding, Universal Loving-kindness, Social Justice, and Harmony), which integrates Theravada Buddhist philosophy with contemporary peacebuilding concepts. The model emphasizes right understanding, universal loving-kindness, social justice, and harmony as interconnected foundations for a systematic approach to promoting stable and sustainable peace.