An Analysis of the Development of Teaching and Learning Management of Buddhist Moral Education Monks in Schools Based on the Four Iddhipāda Principles

Abstract

This study aims to: (1) study the Four Iddhipāda principles in Theravāda Buddhist scriptures; (2) examine the teaching and learning management process of Buddhist Moral Education Monks in schools; and (3) analyze the development of teaching and learning management of Buddhist Moral Education Monks in schools based on the Four Iddhipāda principles. This study employed a qualitative research methodology, combining documentary research and in-depth interviews. Key informants included school administrators, Buddhist Moral Education Monks, regular teachers, and students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

The research findings revealed that the Four Iddhipāda principles Chanda (aspiration), Viriya (effort), Citta (concentration), and Vīmaṃsā (investigation) are significant teachings in Theravāda Buddhism and constitute essential factors leading to success. These principles are interrelated and mutually supportive, and they can be effectively applied to enhance students’ learning in terms of motivation, perseverance, concentration, and critical thinking the teaching and learning management process of Buddhist Moral Education Monks in schools was found to be closely aligned with the Four Iddhipāda principles. Various instructional activities were employed, including Dhamma storytelling, group discussions, the use of educational media, mindfulness and meditation practices, as well as activities promoting analytical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, students demonstrated greater interest in learning, increased responsibility, improved concentration, and the ability to apply Buddhist teachings appropriately in their daily lives. The development of teaching and learning management based on the Four Iddhipāda principles should emphasize cultivating Chanda through engaging learning activities, strengthening Viriya through practical exercises and positive reinforcement, developing Citta through mindfulness and meditation training, and promoting Vīmaṃsāthrough questioning, discussion, and rational analysis. Such an approach contributes to the holistic development of learners, enabling them to acquire both knowledge and moral values and to live effectively and harmoniously in society in accordance with Buddhist principles.