Buddhism Propagation in a Multicultural Society Based on the Four Iddhipāda Principles in Sadao District, Songkhla Province

Abstract

This research aims to: 1) Study the concepts and theories of Buddhist propagation in a multicultural society;             2) Examine the Four Paths of Accomplishment (Iddhipada IV) in Theravada Buddhism; and 3) Analyze the application of Iddhipada IV in Buddhist propagation within the multicultural context of Sadao District, Songkhla Province. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing documentary analysis and field research to gather in-depth data.

The findings reveal that Buddhist propagation in a multicultural society necessitates an attitude of mutual acceptance and the creation of common ground for peaceful coexistence. Iddhipada IV serves as a vital ethical driver: Chanda (Aspiration) represents the love and faith in propagation work focused on peace; Viriya (Effort) is the perseverance in adapting to and learning complex social contexts; Citta (Thoughtfulness) involves attentiveness and understanding the diverse lifestyles of local residents; and Vimamsa (Investigation) is the use of wisdom to reflect on and evaluate situations to find appropriate practical guidelines that do not conflict with the beliefs of other religions. The analysis of Iddhipada IV in Sadao District a border area characterized by diverse Thai, Chinese, and Malay ethnicities, as well as the coexistence of Buddhists and Muslims shows that the local Buddhist community applies these principles through social activities and public welfare. These efforts prioritize "humanitarianism" over "doctrinal differences." By employing Chanda to foster friendships and Viriya to communicate effectively within a multicultural framework, Buddhist propagation in Sadao District transcends mere proselytization. Instead, it emphasizes the dissemination of "virtue" to promote sustainable, peaceful coexistence and mutual support in a diverse society.